ALLOPURINOL

Question 1

Drug class

Answer 1

xanthine oxidase inhibitors

Question 2

How does it work? (2)

Answer 2

1. xanthine oxidase metabolises xanthine –> uric acid

2. by blocking xanthine oxidase you reduce the build up of uric acid

Question 3

Indications (4)

Answer 3

1. gout
2. renal stones
3. hyperuricaemia
4. tumour lysis syndrome
   - associated with chemotherapy

Question 4

Contra-indications (5)

Answer 4

1. kidney impairment
2. hepatic impirment
3. acute attacks of gout
4. skin rashes
   - recurrent
5. hypersensitivity

Question 5

Side effects

Answer 5

1. skin

• rash
• Steven Johnson syndrome
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis

2. hypersensitivity
3. trigger of acute attack
   - starting the drug

Question 6

Interactions (3)

Answer 6

1. mercaptopurine and azathioprine

• increases toxicity of them
• inhibits metabolism

2. amoxicillin
   - skin rashes
3. ACE inhibitors or Thiazides
   - increased risk of hypersensitivity

Question 7

Elimination

Answer 7

metabolic conversion to oxipurinol and aldehyde oxidase