ATENOLOL Flashcards

1
Q

Drug class

A

beta blocker

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2
Q

Where are beta-1 receptors located?

A

heart

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3
Q

Where are beta 2 adrenoreceptors located?

A

smooth muscle of blood vessels and airways

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4
Q

How do beta blockers work on beta-1 receptors? (4)

A
  1. reduce the force of contraction
  2. reduce speed of conduction of the heart
  3. this relieves myocardial ischaemia by reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand
  4. this increases myocardial perfusion
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5
Q

Why do beta blockers protect the heart in heart failure?

A
  • as it protects the heart from the effects of chronic sympathetic stimulation
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6
Q

How do beta blockers work in AF?

A
  • by prolonging the refractory period of the AV node

- hence slowing the ventricular rate

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7
Q

How do beta blockers work in SVT?

A
  • they break the self-perpetuating circuit that takes in the AV node
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8
Q

How do beta blockers work in hypertension?

A
  • variety of means

- reduce renin secretion from the kidney - this is mediated by beta 1 receptors

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9
Q

Indications (5)

A
  1. ischaemic heart disease
  2. chronic heart failure
  3. atrial fibrilation
  4. supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
  5. hypertension
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10
Q

Contra-indications (5)

A
  1. asthma
    - life threatening bronchospasm
  2. heart failure
    - start at low dose then increase
    - may initially cause impaired cardiac function
  3. haemodynamic instability
  4. heart block
  5. hepatic failure
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11
Q

Side effects (6)

A
  1. fatigue
  2. cold extremities
  3. headache
  4. GI disturbance
    - nausea
  5. sleep disturbance and nightmares
  6. impotence - MEN
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12
Q

Interactions

A
  1. non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
    e. g. verapamil, diltiazem
  • heart failure
  • bradycardia
  • even asystole
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13
Q

elimination

A

kidneys

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