Kalium en zuur base Flashcards

1
Q

Normaalwaarde serum kalium

A

3,5-5.1

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2
Q

Symptomen hypokaliemie

A

Spierzwakte, paralyse, ecg veranderingm artsmie, effecten op nier, glucose intolerantie

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3
Q

symptomen hyperkaliemie

A

spierzwakte, paralyse ecg veranderingen, aritmie, urine acidificatie verlaagd

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4
Q

Oorzaken hyperkaliemie

A
  1. Pseudohyperkaliemie
    - hemolyse
    - trombo- of leukocytose
  2. Shift van kalium uit cellen
    - metabole acidose
    - celverval
  3. Minder glomerulaire filtratie
    - acute of chronische nierinsufficientie
  4. minder kaliumsecretie door de nier
    - remming renine-angiotensine aldosteron systeem
    - volumedeletie (afname distaal natriumaanbod_
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5
Q

ECG verandering hyperkaliemie

A

Tall peaked T wave, loss of P wave, widened QRS with tall T wave. kan leiden tot ventrikelfibrileren

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6
Q

Behandeling hyperkaliemie

A
  • Restore
  • calciumgluconaat of calciumchloride
  • redistributie
  • insuline-glucose, salbutamol, natriumbicarbonaat
  • Remove
  • liddiuretica
  • infuus
  • herstel diurese (post-renaal)
  • kaliumbinder
  • dialyse
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7
Q

Oorzaken hypokaliemische hypertensie

A

Primair hyperaldosteronisme
Pseudohyperaldosternoime
Secundaire hyperaldosteronisme

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8
Q

Primair hyperaldosteronisme

A

Renine omlaag, aldosteron omhoog
Meest voorkomende oorzaak secundaire hypertensie
Familiair

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9
Q

Pseudohyperaldosteronisme

A

Renine en aldosteron verlaagd

  • glycyrrinezuur
  • syndroom van Cushing (hypercortisolisme)
  • apparaat mineralcorticoid excess
  • syndroom van Liddle
  • Activerende mutatie mineralcorticoid receptor
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10
Q

Secundair hyperaldosteronisme

A

Renine en aldosteron omhoog

- nierarteriestenose, fibromusculaire dysplasie

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11
Q

Oorzaken hypokaliemie zonder hypertensie

A
  • extreem overgeven/diuretica/laxeermiddelen
  • tubulopathie
  • severe hypomagnesium
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12
Q

Wat is realen tubulaire acidose

A

Acidose die ontstaat omdat de nier minder inst art is om bicarbonaat op te nemen of waterstof uit te scheiden

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