Goldmans 4 Flashcards
अतीव
atīva [adv]
exceedingly, extremely, very
अनु-√भू (अनुभवति)
anu-√bhū (anubhavati) [verb, class 1 P]
experience, enjoy; bear;
gerund: anubhūya
अपि
api [adverb]
also, even;
often concessivly after an adj or part., though;
apyuta= also;
if at beginning of a sentence indicates yes/no question; (also, turns preceding interrogative into an indefinite)
√अस् (अस्ति)
√as (asti) [verb, class 2 P]
be
अस्मत्
asmat [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of/from us;
ablative plural of aham
अस्मभ्यम्
asmabhyam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
to/for us;
dative plural of aham; enclitic form = naḥ
अस्माकम्
asmākam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of us, our;
genitive plural of aham; enclitic form = naḥ
अस्मान्
asmān [pronoun] [m,n,f]
us;
accusative plural of aham; enclitic form = naḥ
अस्माभि:
asmābhiḥ [pronoun] [m,n,f]
with us, by us;
agent of passive verb; instrumental of aham
अस्मासु
asmāsu [pronoun] [m,n,f]
at us, near us, at our place;
locative plural of aham
अहम्
aham [pronoun] [m,n,f]
I;
nominative singular
अहो
aho [interjection]
ah! oh! how (+adj); what a!
आ-√गम् (आगच्छति)
ā-√gam (āgacchati) [verb, class 1 P]
come
आवयोः
āvayoḥ [pronoun]
of us two, at us two, near us two, at both our place;
genitive and locative dual of aham
आवाभ्याम्
āvābhyām [pronoun]
by/with/to/for/from/of the two of us; our;
instrumental, dative, and ablative dual of aham
आवाम्
āvām [pronoun]
we two (subject or direct object);
nominative and accusative dual of aham
इति
iti [adverb]
so, thus;
marks the end of a thought or quoted speech
इव
iva [indeclinable]
like, as
(follows word to which it refers)
एकदा
ekadā [adverb]
at one time or one day, at a certain time,
once, one time, once upon a time
एवम्
evam [indeclinable]
so, thus, in this way,
can also be “of such a kind, or such a sort”
कथम्
katham [interrogative adverb]
how? How is it?
किमिति
kimiti [idiom]
what’s this? why?
कुपित
kupita [adjective]
enraged, angry
√कृ (करोति)
√kṛ (karoti) [verb, class 8 P]
do, make, conduct;
infinitive: kartum (3rd p plural, kurvanti)
√गम् (गच्छति)
√gam (gacchati) [verb, class 1 P]
go, walk,
gerund: gatvā;
causative means causes to go, when used with time: passes;
causative stem: gamaya (gamayati);
infinitive of causative: gamayitum
गृह
gṛha [noun] [n]
a house, home
च
ca [conjunction]
and
(placed after a series or between each pair of a series)
चरित
carita [noun] [n]
adventures, life story
√चिन्त् (चिन्तयति)
√cint (cintayati) [verb, class 10 P]
think, consider, reflect, worry;
gerund: cintayitvā
जन
jana [noun] [m]
person, man;
as collective noun, people; folk
√जीव् (जीवति)
√jīv (jīvati) [verb, class 1 P]
live, be alive, survive;
desiderative: jijīviṣati, wishes to live
तत्र
tatra [adverb]
there, with regard to that, concerning that, in or to that place
तव
tava [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of you, your;
genitive singular of tvam, you; enclitic form: te
तीक्ष्ण
tīkṣṇa [adjective]
sharp, harsh, rough, rude
तुभ्यम्
tubhyam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
to/for you;
dative singular of tvam, you; enclitic form: te
ते
te [pronoun] [m,n,f]
to/for you; of you, your;
enclitic form of dative and genitive singular of tvam, you
त्वत्
tvat [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of/from you;
ablative singular of tvam, you
त्वम्
tvam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
you (nominative singular);
usually personal pronouns, especially first and second person, are ommitted, but can be used after the verb for emphasis;
if a participle is used as a main verb without √as or √bhū (be) then the pronoun has to be used; see Maurer 09
त्वया
tvayā [pronoun] [m,n,f]
with you, by you;
instrumental singular of tvam, you
त्वयि
tvayi [pronoun] [m,n,f]
at you, near you, at your place;
locative singular of tvam, you
त्वा
tvā [pronoun] [m,n,f]
you;
enclitic form (accusative singular) of tvam, you
दशरथ
daśaratha [proper noun] [m]
Rāma’s father, Daśaratha
दुष्कृतम्
duṣkṛtam [noun] [n]
evil act
दुःख
duḥkha [noun] [n]
sorrow, misery
धार्मिक
dhārmika [adjective]
righteous, virtuous, just
न
na [negative adverb]
“not”
negative particle or negative adverb
√नश् (नश्यति)
√naś (naśyati) [verb, class 4 P]
perish, be destroyed; die; be lost;
ppp: naṣṭa; aorist of causative: anīnaśat
नः
naḥ [pronoun] [m,n,f]
us, to/for us, of us, our;
enclitic form (acc/dat/gen plural) of aham, I
नाम
nāma [adverb]
“by name,” namely;
from the accusative singular of the noun; (
also: named, called; indeed)
नृप
nṛpa [noun] [m]
king
√पश् (पश्यति)
√paś (paśyati) [verb, class 4 P]
see,
used as the present active for √drś
पीडित
pīḍita [ppp]
afflicted, oppressed, pained, tormented;
past passive participle of √pīḍ (pīḍayati)
पुत्र
putra [noun] [m]
son
पुनः
punaḥ [adverb]
again
पुनः पुनः
punaḥ punaḥ [adverb]
again and again
बालक
bālaka [noun] [m]
boy, young man
ब्राह्मण
brāhmaṇa [noun] [m]
a Brāhman, priest
√भाष् (भाषते)
√bhāṣ (bhāṣate) [verb, class 1 Ā]
speak, say, address;
भीत
bhīta [ppp]
afraid; having feared;
ppp of √bhī (bibheti) class 3
√भू (भवति)
√bhū (bhavati) [verb, class 1 P]
be, become
भूमिप
bhūmipa [noun] [m]
a king
मत्
mat [pronoun] [m,n,f]
from/of me;
ablative singular of aham, I
√मन् (मन्यते)
√man (manyate) [verb, class 4 Ā]
think;
aorist: amaṃsta
मम
mama [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of me, my;
genitive singular of aham, I; enclitic form: me
मया
mayā [pronoun] [m,n,f]
with me, by me;
instrumental singular of aham, I
मयि
mayi [pronoun] [m,n,f]
at me, by me, near me, at my place;
locative singular of aham, I
मह्यम्
mahyam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
to/for me;
dative singular of aham, I; enclitic form: me
मा
mā [pronoun] [m,n,f]
me;
enclitic form of accusative singular of aham, I
माम्
mām [pronoun] [m,n,f]
me,
accusative singular of aham, I; enclitic form: mā
मूर्ख
mūrkha [noun] [m]
a fool
मृग
mṛga [noun] [m]
animal, beast of prey;
in some of the stories it means a deer - deer in the Shakespearean sense. Hareesh says the etymology relates to following the path; in some of our stories from these chapters “deer,” is meant and the full glossary in back of says: an animal, usually in later texts specifically a deer
see Maurer for more details
मे
me [pronoun] [m,n,f]
me, to/for me, my, of me;
enclitic form (dat/gen singular) of aham, I
युवयोः
yuvayoḥ [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of you two, both of yours, by/at/near you two;
ablative, genitive, and locative dual of tvam, you
युवाभ्याम्
yuvābhyām [pronoun] [m,n,f]
by you two, with you two, to/for you two; of/from you two;
instrumental, dative, and ablative of tvam, you
युवाम्
yuvām [pronoun] [m,n,f]
you two (subject or object);
nom/acc dual of tvam, you
युष्मत्
yuṣmat [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of/from you (plural);
ablative plural of tvam, you
युष्मभ्यम्
yuṣmabhyam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
to/for you (plural);
dative plural of tvam, you; enclitic form: vaḥ
युष्माकम्
yuṣmākam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
of your; yours (plural);
genitive plural of tvam, you; enclitic form: vaḥ
युष्मान्
yuṣmān [pronoun] [m,n,f]
you (direct object);
accusative plural of tvam, you; enclitic form: vaḥ
युष्माभिः
yuṣmābhiḥ [pronoun] [m,n,f]
by/with you (plural);
instrumental plural of tvam, you
युष्मासु
yuṣmāsu [pronoun] [m,n,f]
near you all; at you all; at your place;
locative plural of tvam, you
यूयम्
yūyam [pronoun] [m,n,f]
you (subject);
nominative plural of tvam, you
राज्य
rājya [noun] [n]
kingly rule, kingly power, kingdom
(with √kṛ: to rule, reign)
लक्ष्मण
lakṣmaṇa [proper noun] [m]
Lakṣmaṇa - one of Rāma’s brothers
√लभ् (लभते)
√labh (labhate) [verb, class 1 Ā]
get, receive, obtain, acquire, gain, take; find;
+ svarga = attain heaven, go to heaven;
perfect: lebhe; infinitive: labdhum
√वद् (वदति)
√vad (vadati) [verb, class 1 P]
speak, say, say to (+ accusative of person addressed);
future: vadiṣyati; aorist: avādīt
वन
vana [noun] [n]
forest
वः
vaḥ [pronoun] [m,n,f]
you, to/for you, of you, your;
enclitic form for accusative, dative, and genitive of tvam, you
विना
vinā [indeclinable]
without (+ instrumental) postposed
√शप् (शपति)
√śap (śapati) [verb, class 1 P]
curse
शोक
śoka [noun] [m]
grief, sorrow, pain
श्रीरामः
śrīrāmaḥ [proper noun] [m]
glorious Rāma
सः
saḥ [pronoun] [m]
he
(nominative, 3rd p singular)
सुखम्
sukham [adverb]
happily
सुन्दर
sundara [adjective]
beautiful, handsome (fem = sundarī)
स्म
sma [indeclinable]
makes preceding verb past tense
स्वयम्
svayam [indeclinable]
oneself, by one’s self, to one’s self;
used reflexively and applicable to all persons,
i.e., himself, herself, yourself, etc.
हत
hata [ppp]
killed, slain; hit;
ppp of √han
√हन् (हन्ति)
√han (hanti) [verb, class 2 P]
slay, kill, strike, strike down, destroy, smite, smite down, destroy;
ppp: hata; infinitive: hantum
हा
hā [indeclinable]
interjection, vocative particle (“ah”) expressing grief, “alas!”
हे
he [indeclinable]
vocative particle (“oh”) precedes vocative
