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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Viral Infection - Chapter 30 > Flashcards

Viral Infection - Chapter 30 Flashcards

1
Q

Virus

A
  • An intracellular parasite that consists of a DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein coat
  • Virions must use their host’s cellular machinery to replicate
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2
Q

Examples of Viral Infections

A
  • Common cold
  • Warts
  • HIV
  • Smallpox, measles, mumps, rubella
  • Hepatitis A, B, and C virus
  • HPV
  • EBV
  • Rotavirus
  • Norovirus
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3
Q

Antivirals MOA

A
  • Inhibit replication
  • Antivirals are virostatic; they do not destroy viruses
  • Slow the rate of virus proliferation spo the immune system can fight the infection
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4
Q

Factors That Influence the Outcome of Antiviral Therapy

A
  • Stage of illness at the time of initiation of therapy
  • dosage of antiviral agent used
  • Ability of the virus to penetrate the CNS
  • Ability of the virus to remain latent within its host
  • Development of antiviral resistance
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5
Q

Antiviral Tech Note

A
  • Antivirals are only effective against specific ciruses

- Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections

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6
Q

Antiviral Resistance

A

-The ability of a virus to overcome the suppressive action of antiviral agents

May occur when:

  • Antiviral drugs are taken irregularly or doses are skipped
  • Subtherapeutic levels are received due to vomiting
  • Drug levels are too low to suppress viral replication
  • There is natural viral mutation
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7
Q

Treatment and Prevention of Influenza

A
  • amantadine
  • oseltamivir
  • zanamifir
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8
Q

Generic: amantadine

A

amantadine

  • For prevention and treatment of Influenza A only
  • Inhibitor of viral uncoating
  • Lots of resistance

Warning Labels: MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS OR DROWSINESS

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9
Q

amantadine ADR’s

A
  • anxiety
  • Irritability and nervousness
  • Drowsiness or insomnia
  • Confusion
  • Headache
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Nausea/vomiting
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10
Q

Generic: oseltamivir

A

Tamiflu

  • for treatment of Influenza A and B
  • Neuraminidase inhibitor
  • Must be started within 48 hours of symptom onset to be effective

Warning Labels:

  • TAKE WITH FOOD
  • REFRIGERATE, SHAKE WELL, DISCARD AFTER 10 DAYS (suspension)
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11
Q

Generic: zanamivir

A

Relenza

  • For treatment of Influenza A and B
  • Neuraminidase inhibitor
  • Must be started within 48 hours of symptom onset to be effective

Specific ADR’s:

  • Bronchospasms in people with asthma
  • Contraindicated in pregnancy

Warning Labels:
-INHALE USING DISCHALER DELIVERY DEVICE

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12
Q

oseltamivir and zanamivir ADR’s

A
  • Coughing
  • Difficulty Sleeping
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Psychosis
  • Neural complications
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13
Q

Drugs Used to Treat Influenza: Warning Labels

A

-COMPLETE FULL COURSE OF THERAPY

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14
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis B and C Viruses: Interferons

A

-Inhibitors of Transcription

  • interferon alfa-2b
  • peginterferon alfa 2-a
  • peginterferon alfa 2-b (+ribavarin)
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15
Q

Generic: interferon alfa-2b

A

Intron A

  • Interferon
  • For treatment of Hepatitis B
  • Must be refrigerated
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16
Q

Generic: peginterferon alfa-2a

A

Pegasys

  • Interferon
  • For treatment of Hepatitis B
  • Must be refigerated
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17
Q

Generic: peginterferon alfa-2b (+ribavarin)

A

Pegitron

  • Interferon
  • For treatment of Hepatitis C
  • Must be refigerated
18
Q

Interferons ADR’s

A
  • Fever/chills
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle aches/Joint pain
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness
  • Depression
  • Serious drop in white blood cells and platelets
19
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis B and C Viruses: Nucleoside Analogs

A

-Inhibitors of Transcription

  • entecavir
  • lamivudine
  • ribavirin
  • telbivudine
20
Q

Generic: entecavir

A

Baraclude

  • Nucleoside Analog
  • Used to treat Hepatitis B

-Warning Labels: TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH

21
Q

Generic: lamivudine

A

Heptovir

  • Nucleoside analog
  • Used to treat Hepatitis B

-Warning Labels: TAKE WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD

22
Q

Generic: ribavirin

A

Virazole

  • Nucleoside analog
  • Used to treat Hepatitis C

Warning Labels: TAKE WITH FOOD

23
Q

Generic: telbivudine

A

Sebivo

  • Nucleoside analog
  • Used to treat Hepatitis B

Warning Labels: TAKE WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD

24
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis B and C Viruses: Nucleotide Analogs

A
  • Inhibitors of transcription

- adefovir

25
Q

Generic: adefovir

A

Hepsera

  • Nucleotide analog
  • Used to treat Hepatitis B
26
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis B and C Viruses: Protease Inhibitors

A

-Inhibitors of transcription

  • boceprevir
  • telaprevir
27
Q

Generic: boceprivir

A

Victrelis Triple

  • Protease inhibitor
  • Used to treat Hepatitis B and C
28
Q

Generic: telaprevir

A

Incivek

  • Protease inhibitor
  • Used to treat Hepatitis B and C
29
Q

Treatment of Herpes: Inhibition of DNA and RNA Replication

A

Common Ending: “cyclovir” or “ciclovir.”

-Antivirals that inhibit 
DNA and RNA replication are used to treat:
-herpes simples type 1 and 2
-herpes zoster
-varicella zoster
-cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
30
Q

Generic: acyclovir

A

Zovirax

  • Inhibits DNA and RNA replication
  • Used to treat Herpes Simplex Type 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster

Warning Labels: SHAKE WELL (suspension)

31
Q

Generic: famciclovir

A

Famvir

  • Inhibits DNA and RNA replication
  • Used to treat Herpes Simplex type 1 and 2, and acute Herpes Zoster infections
32
Q

Generic: ganciclovir

A

Cytovene

  • Inhibits DNA and RNA replication
  • Used to treat CMV

Warning Labels:

  • AVOID PREGNANCY
  • TAKE WITH FOOD
  • SWALLOW WHOLE; DONT CRUSH OR CHEW
33
Q

Generic: valacyclovir

A

Valtrex

  • Inhibits DNA and RNA replication
  • Used to treat Herpes Simplex Type 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster
34
Q

Generic: valganciclovir

A

Valcyte

  • Inhibits DNA and RNA replication
  • Used to treat CMV
35
Q

Generic: trifluridine

A

Viroptic

Warning Labels:

  • REMOVE CONTACT LENSES BEFORE USE
  • REFRIGERATE
36
Q

Herpes Treatment Drugs ADR’s

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
37
Q

Herpes Treatment Drugs Warning Labels

A
  • COMPLETE FULL COURSE OF THERAPY

- PROTECT FROM LIGHT AND MOISTURE

38
Q

HIV

A
  • Virus that attacks the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness that leaves people vulnerable to infections
  • Attacks CD4 T-lymphocytes
  • When the body can no longer fight the infection, the disease has become AIDS
39
Q

Antiretrovirals

A

Medicines that interfere with replication of retroviruses

  • Reduce viral load
  • Increase CD4 counts
  • Delay development of AIDS-related conditions
  • Improve survival
40
Q

Reducing Antiretroviral Resistance: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

A

-A combination of 3 or more medications in a regimen or AIDS “cocktails” is prescribed

41
Q

Generic: zidovudine

A

Retrovir (AZT)

-decreases perinatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Warning Labels:

  • TAKE EXACTLY AS DIRECTED; DONT SKIP DOSES
  • TAKE WITH LOTS OF WATER
  • REFRIGERATE DILUTED SOLUTION: DISCARD AFTER 48 HOURS

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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