Final Exam Flashcards - IBS, UC, & Crohn's
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- A condition that causes abdominal stress and erratic movement of large bowel
- Movement of waste through colon too slow or too fast
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- A chronic and serious condition of the GI tract causing severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rectal bleeding, etc.
- Includes UC, Crohn’s, Ulcerative proctitis, and Indeterminate colitis
Ulcerative Colitis
-Produces inflammation, ulcers and sores in the UPPER layers of the lining of the COLON AND RECTUM
Crohn’s disease
-May cause chronic inflammation and ulceration of the ENTIRE GI TRACT
Drugs Used to Treat IBS
- Opioid antidiarrheals
- Laxatives
- Bulk forming fiber supplements
- Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics
- Misc. agents
- 5-HT4 Agonist
- Guanylate cyclase-C agonist
Opioid Antidiarrheals
-Control watery and frequent stools of IBS
Opioid Antidiarrheals ADR’s
- Toxic Megacolon
- Constipation
- Sedation (Lomotil)
Laxatives
- Used in moderation for alleviating constipation of IBS
- Stimulant and osmotic
Bulk-Forming Fiber Supplements
- Soluble fiber supplements relieve constipation AND diarrhea of IBS
- Swell in the presence of liquid
- Increase the bulk or firmness of stool
Anticholinergic/Antispasmodic Drugs
-Used in the treatment if IBS when diarrhea and spasms are the primary symptoms
Anticholinergic/Antispasmodic Drugs ADR’s
- Blurred vision
- Urinary retention
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
Serotonin (5-HT4) Agonist
-For chronic constipation in women with IBS unresponsive to laxatives
Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonist
-For laxative resistant constipation
Treatment of IBD: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
-These are autoimmune inflammatory GI tract diseases so treatment is anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressants/immunomodulators
Anti-inflammatory Agents for IBD
- May be topical for rectal application or oral, SC, or IV
- 5-Aminosalicylates derivatives are mainstay of therapy
Anti-inflammatory Agents for IBD ADR’s
- N/V
- Heartburn
- Headache
- Watery diarrhea
Sulfasalazine may also cause:
- Photosensitivity
- Impaired folic acid absorption
- Crystalluria
- Cytopenias
Corticosteroids For UC and Crohn’s Disease
-For moderate to severe IBD
Corticosteroid ADR’s
- Hyperglycemia
- Insomnia
- euphoria
- Edema
- Hypertension
- Nausea
- Weight gain
- GI ulceration
- Acne
- Osteoporosis
- Poor wound healing
Immunosuppressants
-Used to induce remission in Crohn’s disease and UC
Immunomodulators: Monoclonal Antibodies
- Common ending: “mab”
- Used to induce remission
Monoclonal Antibodies ADR’s
- Risk of malignancies
- Worsening of existing infection
- Dyspnea
- Nausea or stomach pain
- Headache
- Chest pain
- Hypertension
Anti-infectives for Crohn’s
-Prescribed to treat infections that develop in fistulas
