Final Exam Flashcards - Bacterial Infection

Question 1

Treatment of Bacterial

Infections

Answer 1

-Antibacterials/Antibiotics

Question 2

Classifications of Antibacterials

Answer 2

• Aminoglycosides
• Penicilllins
• Cephalosporins
• Fluoroquinolones
• Macrolides
• Oxazolidinones
• Carbapenems
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Misc.

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

• Common ending: “mycin” (but others also end this way)
• Reserved for serious infections of bone, heart, brain, etc.
• Also used for bowel sterilization prior to surgery
• USE IS LINKED TO OTOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY

Question 4

Penicillins

Answer 4

-Common ending: “cillin.”

Question 5

Penicillin ADR’s

Answer 5

• N/V (minor)
• Diarrhea
• Yeast infection (women)

Question 6

Penicillin Tech Note!

Answer 6

-May decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Question 7

Cephalosporins

Answer 7

• Common beginning is “cef” or “ceph”

- Classified as first, second, third, or fourth generation

Question 8

First Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 8

-Most effective against gram (+), aerobic bacteria

Question 9

Second Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 9

-Have effectiveness against gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria

Question 10

Third Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 10

-Most effective against gram (-), anaerobic bacteria

Question 11

Cephalosporins ADR’s

Answer 11

• Heartburn
• Yeast infection
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• N/V
• Gas

Question 12

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 12

-Common ending: “floxacin”

Question 13

Fluoroquinolones ADR’s

Answer 13

• Crystalluria
• Photosensitivity
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Nausea
• Arrhythmias

Question 14

Fluoroquinolones Tech Note!

Answer 14

-Contraindicated in pregnant women and children less than 16-18 years old

Question 15

Macrolides

Answer 15

• Common ending: “thromycin”

- Drug of choice is patient has penicillin allergy

Question 16

Macrolides ADR’s

Answer 16

• N/V
• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea
• Taste disturbances
• Many drug interactions

Question 17

Sulfonamides

Answer 17

• Common beginning: “sulf”

- Oldest antibacterials

Question 18

Sulfonamides ADR’s

Answer 18

• Photosensitivity
• Crystalluria
• N/V
• Diarrhea
• Headache

Question 19

Tetracyclines

Answer 19

-Common ending: “cycline”

Question 20

Tetracyclines ADR’s

Answer 20

• Photosensitivity
• Gastroesophageal ulceration
• N/V
• Diarrhea

Question 21

Tetracycline Tech Note!

Answer 21

• Expired tetracyclines become nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic

- Contraindicated in pregnancy and small children