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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Treatment of Glaucoma - Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Treatment of Glaucoma - Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Glaucoma

A

A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, most often due to abnormally high pressure in the eye

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2
Q

Types of Glaucoma

A
  • Open angle
  • Angle closure
  • Congenital
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3
Q

Open Angle Glaucoma

A
  • Most common

- Results from abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor

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4
Q

Angle Closure Glaucoma

A

-When the trabecular meshwork angle is obstructed, aqueous humor drainage is impaired

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5
Q

Pharmacological Treatment of Glaucoma

A
  • Decrease the formation of aqueous humor

- Promote drainage of aqueous humor

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6
Q

Drugs That Decrease Aqueous Humor Formation

A
  • B-adrenergic antagonists
  • A-adrenergic agonists
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
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7
Q

B-Adrenergic Antagonists

A
  • Common ending: “olol”
  • Decrease aqueous humor by inhibiting the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on blood vessels in the ciliary body of the eye
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8
Q

B-Adrenergic Antagonists Examples

A
  • betaxolol
  • levobunolol
  • timolol
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9
Q

Brand: Betoptic S

A

Generic: betaxolol

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10
Q

Brand: Betagan

A

Generic: levobunolol

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11
Q

Brand: Timoptic, Timoptic XE

A

Generic: timolol

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12
Q

A-Adrenergic Agonists

A
  • Reduce blood flow in the ciliary body
  • Reduce formation of aqueous humor
  • Increase aqueous humor outflow
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13
Q

A-Adrenergic Agonists Examples

A
  • brimonidine
  • dipivefrin
  • apraclonidine
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14
Q

Brand: Alphagan, Alphagan P

A

Generic: brimonidine

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15
Q

Brand: dipivefrin

A

Generic: dipivefrin

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16
Q

Brand: Lopidine

A

Generic: apraclonidine

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17
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

-Common ending: “zolamide”

  • Indicated for the treatment of open angle glaucoma
  • Also used for short-term treatment and prevention of angle closure glaucoma
18
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Examples

A
  • acetazolamide
  • brinzolamide
  • dorzolamide
  • methazolamide
19
Q

Brand: acetazolamide

A

Generic: acetazolamide

20
Q

Brand: Azopt

A

Generic: brinzolamide

21
Q

Brand: Trusopt, Trusopt PF

A

Generic: dorzolamide

22
Q

Brand: methazolamide

A

Generic: methazolamide

23
Q

Drugs That Decrease Aqueous Humor Formation Combinations Examples

A
  • timolol/brimonidine
  • timolol/brinzolamide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • brimonidine/brinzolamide
24
Q

Brand: Combigan

A

Generic: timolol/brimonidine

25
Q

Brand: Azarga

A

Generic: timolol/brinzolamide

26
Q

Brand: Cosopt

A

Generic: timolol/dorzolamide

27
Q

Brand: Simbrinza

A

Generic: brimonidine/brinzolamide

28
Q

Drugs That Increase Aqueous Humor Drainage

A
  • A-Adrenergic agonists
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Prostaglandin analogs
29
Q

Cholinergic Agonists

A
  • Bind to receptors and mimic acetylcholine
  • Binding contracts the ciliary muscles and the pupil
  • Produce dilation of the trabecular meshwork and decrease IOP
30
Q

Cholinergic Agonists Examples

A
  • carbachol

- pilocarpine

31
Q

Brand: Isopto Carbachol

A

Generic: carbachol

32
Q

Brand: Isopto Carpine

A

Generic: pilocarpine

33
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs

A

-Common ending: “prost”

  • Relax ciliary muscles to permit drainage of aqueous humors
  • ADR: permanent changes in eye colour
34
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs Examples

A
  • bimatoprost
  • latanoprost
  • travoprost
35
Q

Brand: Lumigan, Lumigan RC

A

Generic: bimatoprost

36
Q

Brand: Xalatan

A

Generic: latanoprost

37
Q

Brand: Travatan

A

Generic: travoprost

38
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs Combinations Examples

A
  • timolol/travoprost

- timolol latanoprost

39
Q

Brand: Xalacom

A

Generic: timolol/latanoprost

40
Q

Brand: DuoTrav

A

Generic: timolol/travoprost

41
Q

Warning Labels for Glaucoma Eye Drops

A
  • FOR THE EYE
  • DONT D/C WITHOUT MEDICAL SUPERVISION
  • WASH HANDS BEFORE USE
  • AVOID CONTAMINATION OF TIP
  • DISCARD DISCOLOURED SOLUTIONS
  • PROTECT FROM LIGHT (SOME); SHAKE WELL (SOME)
  • REMOVE CONTACT LENSES BEFORE USE
  • REFRIGERATE (latanoprost and latanoprost combinations)

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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