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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Final Exam Flashcards - MI and Stroke > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards - MI and Stroke

1
Q

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)

A

-Occurs when the blood supply to the heart is interrupted causing cell death

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2
Q

Stroke

A

-Occurs when brain cells are deprived of oxygen or are damaged by sudden bleeding into the brain

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3
Q

Pharmacotherapy For Stroke and MI

A
  • Reduce formation of blood clots

- Control the buildup of lipids and plaque

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4
Q

Antithrombotics

A
  • Drugs that control the rate of clot formation or cause clot dissolution
  • Include: Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, and thrombolytics
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5
Q

Antiplatelet Drugs

A
  • Platelets cluster at the site of injury and stick to damaged cell wall
  • Platelets are activated by natural substances in the blood
  • Activated platelets attract more platelets to the region
  • Fibrin combines with platelets to strengthen the clot
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6
Q

Aspirin MOA

A
  • Blocks the COX enzyme which reuduces plaque formation

- Inhibits platelet aggregation

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7
Q

abciximab/tirofiban/eptifbatide MOA

A

-Blocks the final pathway of platelet aggregation

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8
Q

ticlopidine & clopidogrel MOA

A
  • Interferes with platelet adhesion and aggregation

- Decreases the concentration of fibrinogen

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9
Q

dipyridamole MOA

A
  • Inhibits platalet aggregation

- Is a coronary vasodilator

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10
Q

Antiplatelet ADR’s

A
  • Bleeding
  • Skin rash or itching
  • Stomach pain
  • Pain at the injection site
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11
Q

Anticoagulants

A
  • heparin is derived from pig intestines or cow lungs
  • LMWHs are produced by separating heparin fragments
  • There are oral and parenteral agents
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12
Q

Warfarin

A
  • VERY NARROW TI
  • Many drug and dietary interactions
  • alcohol, cranberry, and grapefruit decrease metabolism
  • Vitamin K decreases anticoagulant activity or warfarin and is the antidote for overdose
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13
Q

Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Tech Note!

A
  • Antiplatelets should NOT be combined with anticoagulants without medical supervision
  • Nonprescription drugs such as NSAIDS, vitamin supplements, and herbs can also cause interactions
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14
Q

Anticoagulants ADR’s

A
  • Excess anticoagulation and bleeding
  • Dizziness and fainting
  • Irritation at injection site
  • Rash or red spots on skin
  • Bleeding of gums, nose, etc
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15
Q

Thrombolytics

A
  • Dissolve blood clots

- Administered in early stages of stroke to open blood vessels to the brain

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16
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

-Treatment of hyperlipidemia is a principal focus for prevention of cardiovascular disease. emphasis is on Reducing LDL levels and raising HDL levels

17
Q

LDL

A

Promotes:

  • Plaque buildup in arteries
  • Atherothrombosis
  • Vasoconstriction
18
Q

HDL

A
  • Reduces LDL-c
  • Has protective anti-inflammatory properties
  • Acts as an antioxidant
19
Q

Antihyperlipidemics

A

Drug therapy can decrease LDL and triglycerides and increase HDL by:

  • Interfering with cholesterol synthesis (Statins)
  • Increasing elimination in bile (Bile acid sequestrants)
  • Acting on LDL metabolism (fibrates)
20
Q

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

A
  • Common Ending: “statin”
  • Inhibit cholesterol synthesis
  • Decrease LDL clearance and have anti-inflammatory action
  • Usually dosed at bedtime
  • Major grapefruit interaction (atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin)
21
Q

Statin ADR’s

A
  • Myositosis
  • Liver dysfunction
  • Rhabdomyolisis
  • Diarrhea
  • Gas
  • Headache
  • Joint pain
  • N/V
  • Stomach pain
  • Tiredness
22
Q

Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)

A
  • Increase clearance of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) so less is available to convert to LDL
  • Less effective than statins
23
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants

A
  • Promote intestinal clearance of cholesterol by fecal elimination
  • Are drugs of choice in pregnancy
  • Produce bloating and gas
  • Should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after other medications
  • Lower body levels of fat-soluble vitamins
24
Q

Nicotinic Acid Derivatives

A
  • Niacin is vitamin B3
  • Niacin is much less effective than statins
  • Niacin is MOST effective for increasing HDL
25
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

A

-Prevents cholesterol absorption through intestinal villi

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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