Final Exam Flashcards - Reproductive
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- > 99% effective
- 2 categories: copper based, hormone based
- DO NOT PROTECT AGAINS STI’s
IUD MOA
- Prevents fertilization
- Copper IUD stops sperm from making their way through the uterus into the fallopian tubes
- Progestin releasing IUD thickens cervical mucus and thins endometrial lining
Hormonal IUD’s
- Release levonorgestrel
- Decrease menstrual flow and cramping
Hormonal IUD’s ADR’s
- Acne
- Weight gain
- Headache
- Spotting for first 3 months
Oral Contraceptives
- contain a combination of an estrogen + a progestin OR a progestin only
- “mini-pill” contains only progestin
- Should be taken at the same time each day
OCP MOA
- FSH and LH secretion is inhibited through negative feedback
- Mature follicles do not develop and ovulation is prevented
Oral contraceptives ADR’s
- DVT
- thromboembolism
- MI/Stroke
- Appetite loss
- N/V
- Spotting
- Breast tenderness
- Signs of vaginal infection
- Blurred vision
- Weight gain
OCP Contraindications-
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- Smokers >35 yr
- <6 weeks post-partum
- Hypertension
- Focal migraine
Progestin Only OCP
- Known as minipill
- Used if there is intolerance to estrogen
- **Critical to take on time
- norethindrone
Non-Oral Hormonal Contraceptives
- Depo-Provera is a progestin only hormone injection given by a health care professional every 12 weeks
- Evra Patch: applied each week for 3 weeks then 1 week patch free
- NuvaRing: insert 1 ring for 3 weeks, then remove for 1 week
Emergency Contraception
- Safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse
- High dose of levonorgestrel
- Must be taken within 72 hours
Emergency Contraception MOA
- Delays or prevents ovaries from releasing an egg
- alters cervical mucus
- Changes uterine lining
- slows movement of sperm and egg through fallopian tube
- Will NOT terminate pregnancy
Menopause
-Termination of the menstrual cycle
Hormone Replacement Therapy
-Typically involves administration of oral or vaginal estrogens to minimize symptoms of menopause
HRT ADR’s
- Increased risk of breast cancer, coronary artery disease, blood clots, stroke
- N/V
- Cramping
- Breast tenderness
- Migraine headaches
- Return of menstruation or spotting
- Weight gain
PMDD
- Severe form of PMS
- Treated with antidepressants
Dysmenorrhea
-Painful menstruation
Amenorrhea
- Absence of normal menstruation
- Primary: failure of menstruation cycles to begin
- Secondary: slows to 3-4 cycles per year
Infertility
-Failure to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse
Treatment of Infertility
- Antiestrogens
- Gonadotropins
- GnRH antagonists
- GnRH agonists
- Progesterone
Gonadotropins ADR’s
- Headache
- Lightheadedness
- Nausea
- Flushing
- Local inflammation at injection site
Clomiphene ADR’s
- Visual disturbances
- Dizziness
- Multiple births
Treatment of Androgen Deficiency in Males
- Testosterone and its derivatives
- Anabolic-androgenic steroids
Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid ADR’s
- Gynecomastia
- Testicular atrophy
- Impotence
- Nausea
- Depression
- Acne
- Anxiety
Endometriosis
-Benign but very painful condition characterized by functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
Treatment of Endometriosis
- Combined OCP’s
- Progestins
- Danazol
- GnRH agonists
Endometriosis Treatment ADR’s
- Headache
- Tumor flare
- Gynecomastia
- Postmenopausal symptoms
- Vaginal spotting
- GI distress
- Menstrual irregularities
