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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Reproductive System - Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Reproductive System - Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Contraception: Prevention of Pregnancy

A
  • Behavioral
  • Mechanical barriers
  • Spermicidal
  • Hormonal
  • Surgical
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2
Q

Behavioral Contraception

A
  • Abstinence

- Using a calendar to calculate fertile period and abstaining on those days

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3
Q

Spermicides

A
  • Kill sperm

- Foams, jellies, creams

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4
Q

Mechanical Barrier Contraceptives

A
  • Block sperm from entering the uterus

- Condoms, diaphragms, cervical cap

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5
Q

Surgical Methods for Contraception

A

-Female tubal ligation and male vasectomy

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6
Q

Types of Condoms

A
  • Latex condoms
  • Polyurethane condoms
  • Lambskin condoms
  • Invisible condoms
  • Female condoms
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7
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • Rx only in canada
  • Spermicide is placed in the diaphragm before insertion
  • Must be inserted before sexual intercourse and remain in the vagina for 6-8 hours after
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8
Q

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

A
  • Prevents fertilization
  • Do not protect against STI’s
  • 2 Types: copper, and hormonal
  • > 99% effective
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9
Q

Copper IUD’s

A
  • Small T-shaped device wrapped in copper
  • Stops sperm from making their way through the uterus into the fallopian tubes
  • Nova T, FlexiT, Liberte
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10
Q

Hormonal IUD’s

A
  • Progestin secreting device, inserted into the uterus
  • Thickens cervical mucus, thins endometrial lining
  • Release levonorgestrel
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11
Q

Generic: levonorgestrel

A

Plan B - oral
Mirena - IUD
Jaydess - IUD

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12
Q

Hormonal IUD’s ADR’s

A
  • Acne
  • Weight gain
  • Headache
  • Spotting for first 3 months
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13
Q

Oral Contraceptives (OCP or BCP)

A
  • Contain a combination of an estrogen + a progestin or a progestin only
  • Generally 21 or 28 day
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14
Q

OCP MOA

A
  • FSH and LH secretion is inhibited through negative feedback
  • Mature follicles do not develop and ovulation is prevented
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15
Q

Classification of Combination OCP’s

A
  • First generation
  • Second generation
  • Third generation
  • Fourth generation
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16
Q

First Generation Combination OCP’s

A

ee + ethynodiol or norethindrone as the progestin

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17
Q

Second Generation Combination OCP’s

A

ee + levonorgestrel

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18
Q

Third Generation Combination OCP’s

A

ee + norgestimate or desogestrel

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19
Q

Fourth Generation Combination OCP’s

A

ee + drospirenone

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20
Q

Oral Contraceptives ADR’s

A
  • Loss of appetite
  • Pain or muscle soreness
  • Change in menstrual pattern
  • Breast tenderness
  • Cramping
  • Signs of vaginal infection
  • Blurred vision
  • Weight gain
  • DVT, thromboembolism, heart attack, stroke
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21
Q

OCP Contraindications

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Breastfeeding
  • History of blood clots
  • Smokers >35 years
  • < 6 weeks postpartum
  • Hypertension
  • Focal migraine
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22
Q

Progestin Only OCP

A
  • Known as minipill
  • Used if there is a contraindication to estrogen
  • Taken as 28 days of active pills
  • Critical to take on time
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23
Q

Progestin Only OCP Examples

A

-norethindrone

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24
Q

Generic: norethindrone

A

Micronor

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25
Q

Non-oral Hormonal Contraceptives

A

-Progestin only hormone injection given by a health care professional every 12 weeks to prevent pregnancy

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26
Q

Non-oral Hormonal Contraceptives Examples

A

-medroxyprogesterone

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27
Q

Generic: medroxyprogesterone

A

Depo-Provera

Depo-Provera SC

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28
Q

Emergency Contraception

A
  • Safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex
  • High dose of levonorgestrel
  • Must take within 72 hours of unprotected sex
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29
Q

Emergency Contraception MOA

A
  • Delays or prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg
  • Alters cervical mucus and prevents fertilization
  • Changes lining of uterus to make it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant
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30
Q

Menopause

A
  • The termination of menstrual cycles

- Usually marked by 1 year without menstrual cycles

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31
Q

Symptoms of Menopause

A
  • Nervousness
  • Hot flashes
  • Chills
  • Excitability
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Heart palpitations
  • Headache
  • Numbness
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32
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy

A

-Typically involves administration of oral or vaginal estrogens to minimize the symptoms of menopause

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33
Q

Dosage Forms of Estrogen Examples

A
  • conjugated estrogens
  • estradiol
  • estropipate
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34
Q

Generic: conjugated estrogens

A

C.E.S
Premarin
Congest

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35
Q

Generic: estradiol (Oral)

A

Estrace

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36
Q

Generic: estradiol (Transdermal Patch)

A

Estradot
Climara
Oesclim

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37
Q

Generic: estradiol (Vaginal Ring)

A

Estring

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38
Q

Generic: estradiol (Transdermal gel)

A

Estrogel

Divigel

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39
Q

Generic: estradiol (Vaginal Tablet)

A

Vagifem

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40
Q

Generic: estropipate

A

Ogen

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41
Q

Progesterone Therapy Drugs Examples

A
  • medroxyprogesterone

- progesterone

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42
Q

Generic: progesterone

A

Prometrium

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43
Q

Generic: medroxyprogesterone

A

Provera

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44
Q

Progesterone/Estrogen Combination Products Examples

A
  • conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone
  • estradiol/norethindrone
  • estradiol/drospirenone
  • estradiol/progesterone
  • ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
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45
Q

Generic: conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone

A

Premplus

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46
Q

Generic: estradiol/norethindrone

A

Estalis
Activelle
Activelle LD

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47
Q

Generic: estradiol/drospirenone

A

Angeliq

48
Q

Generic: estradiol/progesterone

A

Estrogel Propak

49
Q

Generic: ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone

A

femHRT

50
Q

HRT ADR’s

A
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Cramping
  • Breast tenderness
  • Spotting
  • Headaches
  • Weight gain
  • Increased risk of breast cancer, coronary artery disease, blood clots, stroke
51
Q

Menstrual Disorders

A
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Amenorrhea
  • Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
52
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A

-Condition that involves a collection of symptoms that regularly occur in women during the premenstrual phase of their cycles

53
Q

Symptoms of PMS

A
  • Headache
  • Irritability
  • Fatigue
  • Nervousness
  • Weight gain
  • Sleep changes
  • Depression
54
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A

-Severe form of
PMS
-Symptoms worsen with age
-Treated with antidepressants

55
Q

Drugs Used to Treat PMDD Examples

A
  • fluoxetine
  • sertraline
  • paroxetine
56
Q

Generic: fluoxetine

A

Prozac

57
Q

Generic: sertraline

A

Zoloft

58
Q

Generic: paroxetine

A

Paxil

Paxil CR

59
Q

PMDD Drugs Warning Labels

A
  • MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS
  • MAY IMPAIR ABILITY TO DRIVE
  • AVOID ALCOHOL
  • SWALLOW WHOLE; DONT CRUSH OR CHEW
60
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

-Term used to describe menstrual cramps

61
Q

Dysmenorrhea Medications

A
  • OCP’s

- NSAIDS

62
Q

NSAID’s Used For Dysmenorrhea Examples

A
  • ibuprofen
  • naproxen sodium
  • naproxen
  • mefenamic acid
63
Q

Generic: ibuprofen

A

Advil

Motrin

64
Q

Generic: naproxen sodium

A

Aleve
Anaprox
Anaprox DS

65
Q

Generic: naproxen

A

Naprosyn
Naprosyn-E
Naprelan

66
Q

Generic: mefenamic acid

A

Ponstan

67
Q

Amenorrhea

A
  • The absence of normal menstruation

- Primary or secondary

68
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A

-Failure of menstruation cycles to begin

69
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

A

-Slows to 3-4 cycles per year

70
Q

Causes of Primary Amenorrhea

A
  • Hormone imbalances
  • Genetic disorders
  • Brain lesions
  • Structural deformities
71
Q

Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea

A
  • Excessive weight loss
  • Pregnancy
  • Lactation
  • Menopause
  • disease
  • Intensive sports training
  • Malnutrition
72
Q

Treatment of Amenorrhea Drugs Examples

A

-Bromocriptine

73
Q

Generic: bromocriptine

A

Parlodel

74
Q

Treatment of Amenorrhea Drugs Warning Labels

A
  • TAKE WITH FOOD OR MILK
  • MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS
  • LIMIT ALCOHOL USE
75
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)

A

-Irregular or excessive uterine bleeding resulting from a structural problem or hormonal imbalance

76
Q

STI’s

A

-Caused by communicable pathogens

77
Q

Disorders caused by STI’s

A
  • PID
  • Salpingitis
  • Vaginitis
78
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A
  • An STI involving development of scar tissue in uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, etc.
  • Major cause of infertility
79
Q

Vaginitis

A

-Inflammation or infection of vaginal lining

80
Q

Salpingitis

A

-Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

81
Q

Infertility

A

-Failure to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse

82
Q

Treatment of Infertility

A
  • Antiestrogens
  • Gonadotropins
  • GnRH antagonists
  • GnRH agonists
  • Progesterone
83
Q

Antiestrogens Examples

A

-clomiphene

84
Q

Generic: clomiphene

A

Clomid

Serophene

85
Q

Gonadotropins Examples

A
  • follitropin alpha
  • follitropin beta
  • urofollitropin
  • human chorionic gonadotropin
  • menotroopin
86
Q

Generic: follitropin alpha

A

Gonal-f

gonal-f Pen

87
Q

Generic: follitropin beta

A

Puregon

88
Q

Generic: urofollitropin

A

Bravelle

89
Q

Generic: human chorionic gonadotropin

A

Pregnyl

90
Q

Generic: menotropin

A

Menopur

Repronex

91
Q

GnRh Antagonists Examples

A
  • cetrolix

- ganirelix

92
Q

Generic: cetrorelix

A

Cetrotide

93
Q

Generic: ganirelix

A

Orgalutran

94
Q

GnRh Agonist Examples

A

-gonadorelin

95
Q

Generic: gonadorelin

A

Lutrepulse

96
Q

LnRh Analog Example

A

-triptorelin

97
Q

Generic: triptorelin

A

Decapeptyl

98
Q

Generic: progesterone

A

Crinone

99
Q

Gonadotropins ADR’s

A
  • Headache
  • Lightheadedness
  • Nausea
  • Flushing
  • Inflammation at injection site
100
Q

Clomiphene ADR’s

A
  • Visual disturbances
  • Dizziness and lightheadedness
  • Multiple births
101
Q

Treatment of Androgen Deficiency in Males

A

-Anabolic-androgenic steroids

102
Q

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Examples

A

-testosterone

103
Q

Generic: testosterone

A 
Andriol (Oral)
Androderm (Patch)
AndroGel (Gel)
Axiron (Underarm)
Delatestryl (IM)
Depo-Testosterone (IM)
Testim 1% (Gel)
104
Q

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids ADR’s

A
  • Gynecomastia
  • Impotence
  • Penis enlargement
  • Nausea
  • Jaundice
  • Headache
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Etc
105
Q

Endometriosis

A
  • Benign but very painful condition characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
  • Causes infertility, dysmenorrhea, and severe pain
106
Q

Treatment of Endometriosis

A
  • Combined OCP’s
  • Progestins
  • Danazol
  • GnRh agonists
107
Q

Progestins for endometriosis

A
  • dienogest
  • norethindrone
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • levonorgestrel
108
Q

Generic: dienogest

A

Visanne

109
Q

Generic: norethindrone (for endometriosis)

A

Norlutate

110
Q

Generic: danazol

A

Cyclomen

-Supresses output of FSH and LH

111
Q

GnRh Agonists for Endometriosis

A
  • buserelin
  • goserelin
  • leuprolide
  • nafarelin
112
Q

Generic: buserelin

A

Suprefact

113
Q

Generic: goserelin

A

Zoladex

Warning Labels

  • STORE AT ROOM TEMP
  • DO NOT FREEZE
114
Q

Generic: leuprolide

A

Lupron

Warning Labels

  • SHAKE WELL
  • STORE AT ROOM TEMP
  • DISCARD UNUSED PORTION
  • ROTATE INJECTION SITE
115
Q

Generic: nafarelin

A

Synarel

Warning Labels
-DO NOT USE NASAL DECONGESTANTS FOR 30 MINUTES AFTER

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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