Final Exam Flashcards - Allergies
1
Q
Allergy
A
- A hypersensitivity reaction by the immune system upon exposure to an allergen
- Allergic reaction can occur anywhere: upper or lower respiratory tract, eyes, skin, digestive tract, etc.
2
Q
Anaphylaxis
A
-A life threatening allergic reaction
3
Q
Treatment of Anaphylaxis
A
-epinephrine
4
Q
Drug Treatment of Allergies
A
- Antihistamines
- Intranasal corticosteroids
- Oral or IV corticosteroids
- Mast cell stabilizers
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists
- Immunotherapy
- Vasoconstrictors
- Topical corticosteroids
5
Q
Antihistamines
A
- Prevent binding at H1 receptor sites
- First or second generation
6
Q
First Generation Antihistamines
A
- Non-selective/Classical
- OTC or Rx
7
Q
First Generation Antihistamines ADR’s
A
- Sedating
- Possible thickening of mucus
- Anticholinergic effects of dry mouth, pupil dilation, urinary retention, increased ocular pressure
8
Q
First Generation Antihistamines Tech Note!
A
-Should be used cautiously in men with prostate disease, people with glaucoma, people with asthma, and women who are breast feeding
9
Q
Second Generation Antihistamines
A
- Selective
- OTC and Rx
10
Q
Second Generation Antihistamines ADR’s
A
-10% experience sedation with cetirizine
11
Q
Intranasal Corticosteroids
A
- Inhibit onset of inflammatory response
- Reduce the number of inflammatory cells
- All are Rx except triamcinolone
12
Q
Intranasal Corticosteroids ADR’s
A
- Nasal burning or throat stinging
- Throat irritation
- Nose bleed
- Nasal candida infection
13
Q
Mast Cell Stabilizers
A
- Cromolyn sodium is the only mast cell stabilizer available for intranasal use
- Administered to reduce nasal reactivity to allergens
14
Q
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
A
- montelukast
- zafirlukast
15
Q
Immunotherapy
A
-Allergy shots
