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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Fungal Infections - Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Fungal Infections - Chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi

A
  • Primitive plant-like cells that reproduce by budding, releasing spores, or fusing hyphae
  • many are beneficial and do not cause disease, some can cause severe illness
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2
Q

Mycoses

A

Fungal infections

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3
Q

Fungal Infections of the Skin

A

Most fungal infections are caused my dermatophytes

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4
Q

Dermatophytes

A
  • Thrive on dead skin and keratin found on skin, hair, and nails
  • Not found in mouth or vaginal mucosa, but groin often affected
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5
Q

Tinea Fungal

Infections

A

Mycoses caused by the dermatophyte tinea are named for the site of the infection

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6
Q

Tinea manus

A

Hands

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7
Q

Tinea corporis

A

body

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8
Q

Tinea capitis

A

head

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9
Q

Tinea unguium

A

nails

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10
Q

Tinea pedis

A

feet

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11
Q

Athlete’s Foot (tinea pedis)

A
  • Common infection that affects athletes and non-athletes
  • easily acquired by walking across infected surface
  • flaking, itching, burning and peeling of skin between toes
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12
Q

Ringworm

A
  • Caused by tinea fungi
  • May occur on body, scalp, feet, fingernails, or toenails
  • Is contagious and can be spread between humans and animals
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13
Q

Onychomycosis

A

-Fungal infections of the nails

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14
Q

Candidiasis

A

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is known as a “yeast infection”

Signs and symptoms include:

  • itching
  • cottage cheese-like discharge
  • pain during intercourse
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15
Q

Risk factors for vulvovaginal Candidiasis

A
  • Decreased immune status
  • Diabetes
  • Drug therapy
  • Pregnancy or menses
  • Sexual activity
  • Douching
  • Tight, synthetic clothing; bath products
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16
Q

Oral Candidiasis (thrush)

A
  • Candida infection in the oral cavity

- Common in infants

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17
Q

Antifungal Agents MOA

A
  • Destroying the fungus’s cell membrane
  • Interference with the synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication
  • Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis
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18
Q

Antifungals Classification

A
  • Imidazoles and triazoles
  • Allylamines
  • Polyenes
  • Thiocarbamates
  • Echinocandins
  • Misc.
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19
Q

Imidazoles and Triazoles

A

-Common ending: “azoles”

  • Interfere with ergosteral, an essential component needed for the synthesis of the fungal cell membrane
  • Some are OTC, some are RX and some are both, depending on formulation
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20
Q

Generic: clotrimazole

A

Canesten, Clotrimaderm

  • OTC
  • For vaginal or skin candida infections
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21
Q

Generic: miconazole

A

Monistat, Micatin

  • OTC
  • For vaginal or skin candida infections
22
Q

Generic: ketoconazole

A

Nizoral

Shampoo

-OTC

23
Q

Generic: fluconazole

A

Diflucan

  • Only 150 mg oral are OTC
  • 50 mg, 100 mg, and oral suspension are RX
24
Q

Fluconazole ADR’s

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Stomach pain
25
Q

Fluconazole Tech Note

A
  • Contraindicated in pregnancy
  • NO GRAPEFRUIT
  • Many drug interactions
26
Q

Generic: itraconazole

A

Sporanox

  • RX
  • For systemic infections, nail fungus, or solution may be used for esophageal candidiasis
27
Q

Generic: ketoconazole

A

Nizoral

tablets or cream

  • RX
  • For systemic infections, nail fungus, or dermal fungal infections
28
Q

ketoconazole and itraconazole ADR’s

A
  • Liver toxicity
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • GI upset
29
Q

ketoconazole and itraconazole Warming Labels

A
  • AVOID ALCOHOL
  • AVOID GRAPEFRUIT PRODUCTS
  • TAKE WITH FOOD (except itraconazole solution: empty stomach)
30
Q

Generic: posaconazole

A

Posanol

-RX

Warning Labels:
-TAKE WITH FOOD

31
Q

Generic: voriconazole

A

Vfend

  • RX
  • For treatment or prevention of systemic candidiasis or Aspergillus

Warning Labels:
-TAKE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH

32
Q

posaconazole and voriconazole ADR’s

A
  • Liver toxicity
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • GI upset
33
Q

posaconazole and voriconazole Warning Labels

A

-AVOID ALCOHOL

34
Q

Generic: terconazole

A

Terazol

  • RX
  • Vaginal cream
35
Q

Generic: efinaconazole

A

Jublia

  • RX
  • topical for nail fungus
36
Q

Allylamine Antifungals

A

-stunt the growth of fungi by blocking an enzyme needed for the synthesis of ergosterol

37
Q

Generic: terbinafine

A

Lamisil

-RX

38
Q

Allylamine Antifungals ADR’s

A
  • Liver toxicity
  • Headache
  • Taste and smell disturbances
39
Q

Allylamine Warning Labels

A

-AVOID ALCOHOL

40
Q

Polyene Antifungals

A

-Inhibit the synthesis of the fungal cell membrane

41
Q

Generic: amphotericin B

A

Fungizone

  • treats systemic infections caused by candidiasis, histoplasma, and aspergilla
  • iv and light sensitive
42
Q

Generic: nystatin

A

Mycostatin, Nilstat, Nyaderm

  • Treats candida infections on the skin and mucous membranes
  • Topical cream and ointment are OTC
  • Oral tablets, suspension, and vaginal products are RX
43
Q

Thiocarbamates

A
  • Tolnaftate is the only thiocarbamate

- Stunts growth of susceptible dermatophytes

44
Q

Generic: tolnaftate

A

Tinactin

  • OTC
  • Used to treat jock itch, athlete’s foot, and ringworm
45
Q

Echinocandin Antifungals

A
  • anidulafungin
  • caspofungin
  • micafungin
46
Q

Generic: anidulafungin

A

Eraxis

-Used to treat infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus

MUST REFRIGERATE

47
Q

Generic: caspofungin

A

Cancidas

-Used to treat infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus

MUST REFRIGERATE

48
Q

Generic: micafungin

A

Mycamine

-Used to treat infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus

MUST REFRIGERATE

49
Q

Misc Antifungals

A

ciclopirox

50
Q

Generic: ciclopirox

A

Loprox (cream and lotion), Penlac (nail laquer),
Stieprox (shampoo)

-Used to treat tinea infections and mild onychomycosis

51
Q

Generic: clioquinol/flumethasone

A

Locacorten Vioform

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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