Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Allergies - Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Allergies - Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Allergy

A

-A hypersensitivity reaction by the immune system upon exposure to an allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allergen

A

-A type of antigen that produces an immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common Allergies

A
  • Pollen
  • Dust mites
  • Molds
  • Animal dander
  • Insect bites
  • Latex
  • Foods
  • Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mechanism of Allergic Response

A
  • Exposure to allergen
  • Immune system treats allergen as an invader and activates B cells to produce antibodies to the allergen
  • Release of inflammatory substances causes the symptoms of the allergic reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

-Symptoms are caused by inflammation of the nasal passageways causing itching, sneezing, runny nose, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allergic

Conjunctivitis

A

-Inflammation of the eyes causing red, puffy, watering, itchy, and/or burning eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Urticaria

A
  • Hives

- Caused by insect bites, drugs, foods, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anaphylaxis

A
  • A life threatening allergic reaction
  • Most dangerous symptoms are: impaired breathing and an extreme drop in blood pressure causing dizziness, fainting, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anaphylaxis Treatment

A

-epinephrine im, iv, or sc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Generic: epinephrine

A

Adrenalin
EpiPen
Allerject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drug Treatment of Allergies

A
  • Reduce inflammation and supress release of cells that mediate immune and inflammatory responses
  • Block receptor sites of mediators
  • Symptom relief
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classifications of Drugs Used to Treat Allergies

A
  • Antihistamines
  • Intranasal corticosteroids
  • Oral or iv corticosteroids
  • Mast cell stabilizers
  • Leukotrine receptor antagonists
  • Immunotherapy
  • Vasoconstrictors
  • Topical corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antihistamines

A

-Prevent binding at H1 receptor sites by competing with free histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First Generation/Non-Selective/Classical Antihistamines Examples

A
  • diphenhydramine
  • brompheniramine
  • chlorpheniramine
  • hydroxyzine
  • trimeprazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Generic: diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • OTC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Generic: brompheniramine

A

Combination products for allergy and cold

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • OTC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Generic: chlorpheniramine

A

Chlorpheniramine

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • OTC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Generic: hydroxyzine

A

Atarax

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • RX
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Generic: trimeprazine

A

Panectyl

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • RX
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-First Generation/Non-Selective/Classical Antihistamines ADR’s

A
  • Sedation
  • Possible thickening of mucus
  • Dry mouth
  • Pupil dilation
  • Urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

First Generation Antihistamines Warning Labels

A
  • MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS

- MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Second Generation (Selective) Antihistamines

A

-More selective for H1 receptors, no anticholinergic action, and generally do not cross BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Second Generation Antihistamines Examples

A
  • cetirizine
  • ketotifen
  • loratidine
  • desloratidine
  • fexofenadine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Generic: cetirizine

A

Reactine

  • Second generation antihistamine
  • 20 mg is RX, 5 & 10mg are OTC

Warning Labels:
-MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS

25
Q

Generic: ketotifen

A

Zaditine
Zaditor

  • Second generation antihistamine
  • RX
26
Q

Generic: loratidine

A

Claritin

  • Second generation antihistamine
  • OTC
27
Q

Generic: desloratidine

A

Aerius

  • Second generation antihistamine
  • OTC
28
Q

Generic: fexofenadine

A

Allegra

  • Second generation antihistamine
  • OTC

Warning Labels:
-AVOID ORANGE, GRAPEFRUIT, AND APPLE JUICE

29
Q

Second Generation Antihistamines Warning Labels

A

-PROTECT FROM MOISTURE

DISSOLVE UNDER THE TONGUE

30
Q

Topical Optic Antihistamines Examples

A
  • lodoxamide
  • olopatadine
  • ketotifen
31
Q

Generic: lodoxamide

A

Alomide

  • Topical optic antihistamine
  • RX
32
Q

Generic: olopatadine

A

Patanol

  • Topical optic antihistamine
  • RX
33
Q

Intranasal Corticosteroids

A
  • Inhibit onset of inflammatory response

- Reduce number of inflammatory cells

34
Q

Intranasal Corticosteroids Examples

A
  • beclomethasone
  • budesonide
  • flunisolide
  • fluticasone propionate
  • fluticasone furoate
  • mometasone
  • ciclesonide
  • triamcinolone
35
Q

Generic: beclomethasone

A

Beconase AQ

-Intranasal corticosteroid

36
Q

Generic: budesonide

A

Rhinocort Aqua
Rhinocort Turbohaler

-Intranasal corticosteroid

37
Q

Generic: flunisolide

A

Rhinalar

-Intranasal corticosteroid

38
Q

Generic: fluticasone propionate

A

Flonase

-Intranasal corticosteroid

39
Q

Generic: fluticasone furoate

A

Avamys

-Intranasal corticosteroid

40
Q

Generic: mometasone

A

Nasonex

-Intranasal corticosteroid

41
Q

Generic: ciclesonide

A

Omnaris

-Intranasal corticosteroid

Warning Labels:
-DISPOSE OF 4 MONTHS AFTER OPENING FOIL PACKET

42
Q

Generic: triamcinolone

A

Nasacort AQ

-Intranasal corticosteroid

43
Q

Intranasal Corticosteroids ADR’s

A
  • Nasal burning or stinging
  • Throat irritation
  • Nose bleed
  • Nasal candida infection
44
Q

Intranasal Corticosteroids Warning Labels

A
  • SHAKE WELL
  • FOR THE NOSE
  • PRIME AS DIRECTED
45
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer

A

Cromolyn sodium is the only mast cell stabilizer available for intranasal use
-Administered to reduce nasal reactivity to allergens

46
Q

Generic: sodium cromolyn nasal

A

Rhinaris
Nalcrom

-Intranasal corticosteroid

47
Q

Generic: sodium cromolyn optic

A

Opticrom

48
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

A
  • montelukast

- zafirlukast

49
Q

Generic: montelukast

A

Singulair

-Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

50
Q

Generic: zafirlukast

A

Accolate

  • Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
  • TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH
51
Q

Immunotherapy

A
  • Allergy shots

- Can reduce allergy symptoms over a longer period of time

52
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A
  • To alleviate the nasal congestion caused by allergic rhinitis b y constricting blood vessels in the nose which results in decreased inflammation and decreased fluid
  • Topical or oral
  • All are OTC
53
Q

Vasoconstrictors Examples

A
  • pseudoephedrine
  • phenylephrine
  • ephedrine
  • xylometazoline
  • oxymetazoline
54
Q

Generic: pseudoephedrine

A

Sudafed
Eltor 120

  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Oral
55
Q

Generic: phenylephrine

A

Sudafed PE Decongestant

  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Oral
56
Q

Generic: ephedrine

A

ephedrine

  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Oral
57
Q

Generic: xylometazoline

A

Otrivin

  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Topical nasal spray
58
Q

Generic: oxymetazoline

A

Dristan Nasal Mist

  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Topical nasal spray

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions