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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > OP and Paget's Disease - Chapter 16 > Flashcards

OP and Paget's Disease - Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis

A

-Chronic, progressive disease of bone with loss of bone density and bone strength which leads to bone fragility

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2
Q

Primary Osteoporosis

A

-Associated with the aging process

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3
Q

Secondary Osteoporosis

A

-Associated with disease or drugs

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4
Q

Disease Causes for Secondary Osteoporosis

A
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • IBD
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • MS
  • AIDS
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5
Q

Drug Causes for Secondary Osteoporosis

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Antiandrogens
  • GnRH agonists
  • Lithium
  • Methotrexate
  • Phenytoin
  • Aromatase inhibitors
  • Medroxyprogesterone
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6
Q

Prevention of Osteoporosis

A
  • Mild weight-bearing exercise
  • Diet rich in vitamin D and calcium
  • Reduced smoking and alcohol
  • Start the above early to prevent bone loss
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7
Q

Paget’s Disease of the Bone

A
  • Progressive disease of bone

- Irregular activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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8
Q

Treatment of Osteoporosis and Paget’s Disease

A

The goal of treatment is to increase bone density and decrease the risk of fractures

Pharmacological agents are:

  • Antiresorptive agents
  • Anabolic agents
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9
Q

Antiresorptive Agents MOA

A
  • Suppress bone turnover and loss

- Inhibit bone resorption

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10
Q

Different Types of Antiresorptive Agents

A
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Calcitonin
  • Estrogen Agonist
  • RANK ligand inhibitor
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11
Q

Anabolic Agents MOA

A

-Promote bone formation

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12
Q

Types of Anabolic Agents

A

-PTH analogs

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13
Q

Bisphosphonates MOA

A

-Inhibit osteoclast activity

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14
Q

Bisphosphonates Examples

A
  • alendronate
  • etidronate
  • risedronate
  • zoledronic acid
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15
Q

Brand: Fosamax

A

Generic: alendronate

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16
Q

Brand: Didronel

A

Generic: etidronate

17
Q

Brand: Actonel, Actonel DR

A

Generic: risedronate

18
Q

Brand: Aclasta

A

Generic: zoledronic acid

19
Q

Bisphosphonates Combination Examples

A
  • alendronate/vitamin D
  • risedronate/calcium
  • etidronate/calcium carbonate
20
Q

Brand: Fosavance

A

Generic: alendronate/vitamin D

21
Q

Brand: Actonel Plus Calcium

A

Generic: risedronate/calcium

22
Q

Brand: Didrocal

A

Generic: etidronate/calcium carbonate

23
Q

Bisphosphonate ADR’s

A
  • Painful swallowing
  • Heartburn
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea/vomiting
24
Q

Bisphosphonate Warning Labels

A
  • STAND OR SIT UPRIGHT FOR AT LEAST 30 MINUTES AFTER TAKING DOSE; DO NOT LIE DOWN
  • TAKE 30 MINUTES BEFORE FIRST MEAL, BEVERAGE OR MEDICATIONS WITH AT LEAST 120 ML OF WATER
  • AVOID DAIRY, CALCIUM, MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS, IRON, OR ANTACIDS WITHIN 2 HOURS
25
Q

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM’s)

A

-Indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

26
Q

SERM’s for Osteoporosis Examples

A

-raloxifene

27
Q

Brand: Evista

A

Generic: raloxifene

ADR’s:

  • hot flashes
  • leg cramps
  • peripheral edema
  • stroke
  • DVT
28
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • Inhibits the rate of bone turnover and causes excess calcium to be stored in the bone
  • Only used for Paget’s Disease
  • Increased bone Mineral Density
29
Q

Brand: Calcimar

A

Generic: calcitonin

30
Q

HRT for Osteoporosis

A

-Used for prevention NOT treatment

  • Estradiol
  • Estradiol/norethindrone
  • estradiol/norgestimate
  • estrogens/medroxyprogesterone
  • conjugated estrogens
  • esterified estrogens and estropipate
31
Q

RANK Ligand Inhibitors

A
  • Causes inhibition of osteoclast activation
  • decreases bone resorption
  • reverses bone remodelling
32
Q

RANK Ligand Inhibitors Examples

A

-denosumab

33
Q

Brand: Prolia

A

Generic: denosumab

-given SC twice yearly

34
Q

Anabolic Agents: Parathyroid Hormone Analogs

A
  • Increase the rate of bone remodeling
  • Thicken structural units of bones
  • Decrease osteoblast cell death
35
Q

PTH Analogs Examples

A

-teriparatide

36
Q

Brand: Forteo

A

Generic: teriparatide

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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