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TherapyEd > The Nervous System Anatomy > Flashcards

The Nervous System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are ventricles

A

Cavities filled with CSF and communicate with each other and with spinal cord canal

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2
Q

What are nuclei in neurons

A

Compact groups of nerve cell bodies

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3
Q

Types of nerve fibers

A

A
B
C

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4
Q

Where are enlargements on the spinal cord and what do they do

A

Cervical and lumbosacral

origins of nerves of upper and lower extremities

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5
Q

What are neuroglia

A

Support cells that don’t transmit signals

important for myelin and neuron production

maintenance of K+ levels

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6
Q

Two parts of thalamus

A

Sensory nuclei

Motor nuclei

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7
Q

What do projection neurons do

A

Carry impulses to other parts of CNS

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8
Q

are A fibers fast and large

A

A fibers are fast and large

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9
Q

What do Anterior horns contain

A

Efferent (motor) neurons

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10
Q

What does dura mater form

A

Falx tentorium

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11
Q

What does medulla oblongotta do

A

Connects spinal cord

to

pons

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12
Q

What is the dura mater

A

Outer layer

Tough, fibrous membrane

Attached to inner surface of the cranium

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13
Q

Where does the spinal cord run

A

Foramen magnum

to

lower border of first lumbar vertebra in conus medullaris

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14
Q

What is the arachnoid meninge

A

Delicate and vascular membrane

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15
Q

What do projection fibers do

A

Connect cerebral hemispheres with other portions of the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What do association fibers do

A

Connect different portions of the cerebral hemispheres (allowing cortex to function as an integrated whole)

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17
Q

What do posterior horns contain

A

Afferent (sensory)

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18
Q

What is periaqueductal gray important for

A

Endorphin-producing cells

descending autonomic tracts

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19
Q

What do alpha motor neurons do

A

Affect muscles

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20
Q

What do sensory nuclei do (thalamus)

A

Integrate and relay sensory info from body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste receptors to cerebral cortex and subcortical regions

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21
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus

A

Primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

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22
Q

Three types of white matter

A

Transverse fibers
Projection fibers
association fibers

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23
Q

What is Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension

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24
Q

The primary visual cortex is in…

A

Occipital lobe

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25
Q

What does the central sulcus separate

A

Frontal lobe

from

parietal lobe

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26
Q

What is the inferior colliculus important for

A

Relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes

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27
Q

The percent real gurus, prefrontal cortex, and Brock’s area are in…

A

Frontal lobe

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28
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle

A

Pons and medulla

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29
Q

What do other nuclei in the thalamus do

A

Assist in integration of visceral and somatic functions

30
Q

What is basal ganglia

A

Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemisphere

31
Q

What does prefrontal cortex do

A

Controls emotions and judgements

32
Q

What is the exception for sensory nuclei

A

Smell

33
Q

Are C fibers large, myelinated, fast

A

C fibers:

Smallest
Unmyelinated
Slowest conducting

34
Q

What is the substantia nigra important for

A

Motor control and muscle tone

35
Q

What do pons do

A

Connect medulla oblongata

to

midbrain

36
Q

What does the longitudinal cerebral fissure separate

A

Two hemispheres

37
Q

what does the third ventricle communicate with and how

A

Communicates with Fourth Ventricle

via Cerebral Aqueduct

38
Q

What do synapses do

A

Allow communications between neurons (chemical/electrical signals passed)

39
Q

four types of A fibers and what do they don

A

Alpha - proprioception, somatic motor

Beta - touch, pressure

Gamma - motor to muscle spindles

Delta - pain, temperature, touch

40
Q

What do cell bodies do

A

Receptive surface area to receive information via synapses

41
Q

What does hypothalamus do

A

Integrates and controls ANS

maintains homeostasis

42
Q

Wernicke’s area is in…

A

Temporal lobe

43
Q

What does the limbic system do

A

Instincts and emotions contributing to preservation of the individual (feeding, aggression, emotions, endocrine aspects of sexual response)

44
Q

What do both lateral ventricles communicate with and how do they get there

A

communicates with third ventricle

via Foramen of Monro

45
Q

The postcentral gyrus is in…

A

Parietal lobe

46
Q

What does the lateral central fissure separate

A

Temporal lobe

from

frontal & parietal lobes

47
Q

What is the precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation

48
Q

Are A fibers myelinated

A

Yes

49
Q

What do transverse fibers do

A

Interconnect the two hemispheres

50
Q

What are motor nuclei

A

Relay motor info from cerebellum and globus pallidus to precentral motor cortex

51
Q

What does the subthalamus do

A

Control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and reticular function

52
Q

How many meninges are there and what are they

A

3

Dura Mater

Arachnoid

Pia Mater

53
Q

Three main portions of neurons

A

Cell bodies (with dendrites)
Axons
Synapses

54
Q

how many ventricles are there

A

4

55
Q

What is the pia mater

A

Thin, vascular membrane that covers brain surface

56
Q

Are B fibers large, myelinated, and fast

A

B fibers:

Small
Myelinated
Conduct less rapidly

57
Q

What are nuclei in the PNS called

A

Ganglia

58
Q

What is the subarachnoid space

formed by, contains

A

Formed by arachnoid and pia mater

contains CSF, cisterns, major arteries

59
Q

What does Broca’s area do

A

Controls motor aspects of speech

60
Q

What is white matter

A

Myelinated nerve fibers located centrally

61
Q

What does habenular nuclei do

A

Integrates olfactory, visceral, and somatic afferent pathways

62
Q

Where is the insula and what does it do

A

Deep within lateral sulcus

associated with visceral functions

63
Q

What do axons do

A

Conduct impulses away from cell body

64
Q

Describe the central gray matter in the cord

A

Two anterior (ventral) horns

two posterior (dorsal) horns

United by gray commissure with central canal

65
Q

Two types of efferent neurons in Anterior horn

A

Alpha

Gamma

66
Q

What does midbrain do

A

Connect pons to cerebrum

67
Q

The primary auditory cortex is in…

A

Temporal lobe

68
Q

What does the pineal gland do

A

Secrete hormones that influence the pituitary gland and several other organs

Circadian rhythm

69
Q

What do gamma motor neurons do

A

Muscle spindles

70
Q

how many segments in the spinal cord and how are they dividided

A

30 total

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

a few coccygeal segments

71
Q

Two parts of epithalamus

A

Habenular nuclei

Pineal gland

72
Q

What is the superior colliculus important for

A

Relay station for vision and visual reflexes

TherapyEd (81 decks)

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