Neuromuscular Part Three Flashcards
using aquatic therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta.. why
increase strength
what is cerebral angiography
x-rays of skull after injection of dye into carotid or vertebral arteries or both
what is myelography
x-rays of spine after injection of air or dye into subarachnoid space
where is athetosis most common
UEs
difference between peresis and paralysis
paeresis - weakness
paralysis - loss of voluntary motion
cerebral angiographies have largely been replaced with…
MRI
ventriculography is useful with…
increased intracranial pressures
what is decorticate posture
UE flexion
LE extension
purpose of myelography
deliniates abnormalities impinging on subarachnoid space
following SCIs, IN GENERAL, what is displayed
paraplegia or tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
what conditions are common with opisthotonos posturing
severe meningitis
tetanus
epilepsy
strychnine position
difference between flaccidity and hypotonia
flaccidity - absent tone
hypotonia - reduced tone
what is ventriculography
x-rays of skull after injection of air into lateral ventricles
what is opisthotonos posture
knees flex to touch ass
head, back, and heels arch backward
hands and arms rigid flexion
what tract is affected with a positive Babinski
corticospinal (pyramidial)
what is the positive Babinski response
dorsiflexion of great toe with fanning of other toes in response to stroking lateral side of the sole of the foot
where is dye injected with cerebral angiographies
carotid or vertebral arteries or both
reflex scoring scale (all)
0 - absent
1+ - tone change, no visible movement of extremity
2+ - visible movement of extremities
3+ - exaggerated, full movement of extremities
4+ - obligatory and sustained movement for >30 seconds
what muscles are involved with tics
face
head
neck
shoulder
the Modified Ashworth grades what?
spasticity
what is chorea
relatively quick twitches or dancing movements
what is decerebrate posture
rigid extension all four limbs
and trunk and neck
rigidity is seen with lesions to what part of the brain
basal ganglia
corticol disorders will display
epileptic seizures
tonic/conic convulsive movements
overwork weakness/injury is common with what pathologies
postpolio
DMD
what is athetosis
slow, irregular, twisting, sinous movements
CNS/central fatigue is common with what pathologies
MS
ALS
chronic fatigue syndrome
where is there weakness with neuropathies
distal
what is an example of superficial cutaneous reflex
light scratch
UMN produce flaccidity or spasticity?
spasticity
where is air injected to for myelography
subarachnoid space
where is air injected to for ventriculographies
lateral ventricles
what does ventriculography help to localize
tumors
what are tics
spasmodic contractions of specific muscles
complications with myelographies
dye may result in meningeal irritation
what is rigidity
increased resistance to PROM that is independent of velocity of mvoement
what are superficial cutaneous reflexes
normally occurring reflexes in response to noxious stimulus to the skin
in general, what type of pathology is abnormal synergy patterns seen with
UMN lesions
with spasticity, is there increased resistance to PROM?
you betcha
Neural/myoneural fatigue is common with what pathologies
MS
postpolio syndrome
Guillan-barre
what are brain MRIs good at
acute bleeding (hemmorhage for a stroke)
cerebral edema (3 days post stroke)
cerebral infarction (3-5 days post stroke)
intention tremor occuring when voluntary movement is attempted is common with…
cerebellar disorders
what is tremor
continous quivering, oscillatory movement
what is the clasp-knife response
marked resistance to PROM suddenly gives way
following CVAs, IN GENERAL, what is displayed
hemiparesis or hemiplegia
what is the clasp-knife response seen with
spastic hypertonia (UMN)
Modified Ashworth grades (all)
0 - no increase in muscle tone
1 - slight increase in muscle tone, minimal reistance at end of ROM
1+ - slight increase in muscle tone, minimal resistance through less than half of ROM
2 - more marked increase in muscle tone through most of ROM, affected part easily moved
3 - considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult
4 - affected part rigid in flexion or extension
two types of rigidity and their differences
leadpipe - uniform throughout range
cogwheel - interrupted by a series of jerks
where is there weakness with myopathies
proximal
