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TherapyEd > Cardiopulmonary Part One > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Part One Flashcards

1
Q

Where does LV pump blood to and how does it get there

A

Pumps blood systemically

Via aorta

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2
Q

What is a clinically useful measure of LV function

A

Ejection fraction

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3
Q

How is cardiac output determined (math)

A

HR x SV

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4
Q

Purpose of atriventricular valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood into atria during systole

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5
Q

Of the four tissues of the heart, what is the major portion.

A

Myocardium

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6
Q

When do the atrioventricular valves close

A

When ventricles contract

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7
Q

Hypokalemia can lead to what heart issues

A

Arrhythmia

V-fib

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8
Q

What is atrial filling pressure

A

Difference between venous and atrial pressures

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9
Q

Where does left atrium receive blood from

A

Lungs

And four pulmonary veins

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10
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction

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11
Q

Purpose of aortic valve

A

Prevents left backflow

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12
Q

Two semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary

Aortic

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13
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute

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14
Q

What is cardiac index

A

CO divided by body’s surface area

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15
Q

Three things that influence stroke volume

A

Left ventricular end diastolic volume

Contractility

Afterload

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16
Q

Normal cardiac output range

A

4-5 L per minute

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17
Q

How many mLs for end systolic volume

A

50 mLs

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18
Q

Hypomagnesemia lead to

A

Ventricular arrhytmia

Coronary artery vasospasm

Sudden death

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19
Q

What is ejection fraction

A

Percentage of blood emptied from the ventricle during systole

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20
Q

Myocardium

A

Heart muscle

21
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous protective sac enclosing heart

22
Q

Amount of mLs for end-diastolic volume

A

120 mLs

23
Q

Endocardium

A

Smooth lining of the inner surface and cavities of the heart

24
Q

What side is the bicuspid/mitral valve on

A

Left

25
Q

Normal stroke volume range

A

55-100 mL/beat

26
Q

What are arterioles

A

Terminal branches of arteries that attach to capillaries

27
Q

What is end-diastolic volume

A

Amount of blood in ventricles after diastole

28
Q

Epicardium

A

Inner layer of pericardium

29
Q

When does venous return increase

A

When blood volume expands and decreases during hypovolemic shock

30
Q

The two AV valves

A

Tricuspid

Bicuspid (mitral)

31
Q

Normal range cardiac index

A

2.5-3.5 L/min

32
Q

How does magnesium interact with the heart

A

It’s a calcium blocker

33
Q

What is end-systolic volume

A

Amount of blood in ventricles after systole

34
Q

What does hyperkalemia do to HR and force of contraction

A

Decreases HR

decreases force of contraction

35
Q

What are capillaries

A

Small blood vessels that connect ends of arteries with beginning of veins

36
Q

Effects of hypermagnesemia

A

Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrest

37
Q

Normal range for ejection fraction

A

Over 55% (the lower the EF, the more impaired the LV)

38
Q

Where does right ventricle pump blood to and how

A

Pumps blood to lungs

Via pulmonary artery

39
Q

Four tissues of the heart in order from superficial to deep

A

Pericardium

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

40
Q

Purpose of semilunar valves

A

Prevent backflow from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole

41
Q

What is afterload

A

The force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve

42
Q

Where does RA receive blood from

A

Systemic circulation

Specifically from sup and inf vena cava

43
Q

Where does right ventricle receive blood from.

A

RA

44
Q

What does hyperkalemia do to EKG

A

widened PR

widened QRS

Tall T waves

45
Q

Increasing body temperature causes HR to…

A

Increase

46
Q

Purpose of pulmonary valve

A

Prevents right backflow

47
Q

What side is the tricuspid valve on

A

Right

48
Q

Where does left ventricle receive blood from

A

LA

49
Q

What is frank-starling law

A

Greater the preload, the greater the quantity of blood pumped

TherapyEd (81 decks)

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