Cardiopulmonary Part One Flashcards
Where does LV pump blood to and how does it get there
Pumps blood systemically
Via aorta
What is a clinically useful measure of LV function
Ejection fraction
How is cardiac output determined (math)
HR x SV
Purpose of atriventricular valves
Prevent backflow of blood into atria during systole
Of the four tissues of the heart, what is the major portion.
Myocardium
When do the atrioventricular valves close
When ventricles contract
Hypokalemia can lead to what heart issues
Arrhythmia
V-fib
What is atrial filling pressure
Difference between venous and atrial pressures
Where does left atrium receive blood from
Lungs
And four pulmonary veins
What is stroke volume
Amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction
Purpose of aortic valve
Prevents left backflow
Two semilunar valves
Pulmonary
Aortic
What is cardiac output
Amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute
What is cardiac index
CO divided by body’s surface area
Three things that influence stroke volume
Left ventricular end diastolic volume
Contractility
Afterload
Normal cardiac output range
4-5 L per minute
How many mLs for end systolic volume
50 mLs
Hypomagnesemia lead to
Ventricular arrhytmia
Coronary artery vasospasm
Sudden death
What is ejection fraction
Percentage of blood emptied from the ventricle during systole
Myocardium
Heart muscle
Pericardium
Fibrous protective sac enclosing heart
Amount of mLs for end-diastolic volume
120 mLs
Endocardium
Smooth lining of the inner surface and cavities of the heart
What side is the bicuspid/mitral valve on
Left
Normal stroke volume range
55-100 mL/beat
What are arterioles
Terminal branches of arteries that attach to capillaries
What is end-diastolic volume
Amount of blood in ventricles after diastole
Epicardium
Inner layer of pericardium
When does venous return increase
When blood volume expands and decreases during hypovolemic shock
The two AV valves
Tricuspid
Bicuspid (mitral)
Normal range cardiac index
2.5-3.5 L/min
How does magnesium interact with the heart
It’s a calcium blocker
What is end-systolic volume
Amount of blood in ventricles after systole
What does hyperkalemia do to HR and force of contraction
Decreases HR
decreases force of contraction
What are capillaries
Small blood vessels that connect ends of arteries with beginning of veins
Effects of hypermagnesemia
Arrhythmia
Cardiac arrest
Normal range for ejection fraction
Over 55% (the lower the EF, the more impaired the LV)
Where does right ventricle pump blood to and how
Pumps blood to lungs
Via pulmonary artery
Four tissues of the heart in order from superficial to deep
Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Purpose of semilunar valves
Prevent backflow from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole
What is afterload
The force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve
Where does RA receive blood from
Systemic circulation
Specifically from sup and inf vena cava
Where does right ventricle receive blood from.
RA
What does hyperkalemia do to EKG
widened PR
widened QRS
Tall T waves
Increasing body temperature causes HR to…
Increase
Purpose of pulmonary valve
Prevents right backflow
What side is the tricuspid valve on
Right
Where does left ventricle receive blood from
LA
What is frank-starling law
Greater the preload, the greater the quantity of blood pumped
