Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards by Chris Ponichtera

What is displeased

Shortness of breath

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What do capillaries do

Small blood vessels that connect ends of arteries with beginning of veins

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What is atrial filling pressure

Difference between venous and atrial pressures

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Equation for cardiac output

HR x SV = CO

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What does myocardial perfusion imaging reveal

Ischemic heart disease

Myocardial infarction

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Normal range for stroke volume

4-5 L/min

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What is QRS wave

Ventricular depolarization

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What does the lymphatic system do

Drains lymph from bodily tissues and returns it to venous circulation

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What does venous fill time measure

Examine time necessary to refill veins after emptying

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HR for children

60-140

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Where is the SA node

Junction of superior vena cava and right atrium

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Increased body temperature causes heart rate to…

Increase

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What is normal heart rate

60-100 bpm

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Where does right atrium receive blood from

Superior and inferior vena cava

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What does S1 represent

Beginning of systole

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How many bpm is tachycardia

Over 100 bpm

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What is QT interval

Time for electrical systole

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What is cardiac output

Amount of blood discharged from left or right ventricle per minute

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What is ejection fraction

Percentage of blood emptied from ventricle during systole

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What do veins do

Transport unoxygenated blood from tissues back to heart

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What is paroxysmal nocturnal dye ones

Sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep

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What is orthopnea

Inability to breathe when in a reclining or supine position

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What is Stemmer’s Sign

Dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting

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What is pericardium

Fibrous protective sac enclosing heart

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What Disease is intermittent claudication associated with

Peripheral artery disease

Normal newborn RR

30-40 breaths per minute

How does one perform the venous filling time test

Patient supine, passively elevate LE to approx 45degrees for 1min then sit them up

What does hypomagnesemia do

Ventricular arrhythmia Coronary artery vasospasm Sudden death

What is the ST segment

Beginning of ventricular repolarization

Two main causes of peripheral causes of edema

Chronic venous insufficiency | Lymphedema

How many bpm is bradycardia

Less than 60 bpm

What is stroke volume

Amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction

What is afterload

The force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve

What is AV Valves anchored by

Chordae tendineae

Normal range of stroke volume

55-100mL/beat

What does chest x-ray do

Lung fluids Overall cardiac shape and size Aneurysm

What does left anterior descending supply

Left ventricle

What does hypermagnesemia do to heart

Arrhythmias or cardiac arrest

What is the P wave

Atrial depolarization

What does hyperkalemia do to heart rate and contraction force

Decreased heart rate | Decreased contraction

What is intermittent claudication

Pain, cramping, and lower extremity fatigue occurring during exercise and relieved by rest

Purpose of semilunar valves

Prevent backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole

HR for newborn

90-164 (average 127)

What artery supplies right atrium and right ventricle

Right coronary artery

Normal adult respiratory rate

12-20 breaths per minute

What does the SA node do

Main pacemaker of the heart

What enzyme is the primary measure of myocardial infarction

Cardiac troponin

What do arterioles do

Terminal branches of arteries that attach to capillaries

Where does left ventricle receive blood from and to where

from left atrium to aorta

Normal child RR

20-30

Where does the left atrium receive blood from

The lungs and pulmonary veins

What is epicardium

Inner layer of pericardium

What is myocardium

Heart muscle, major portion of heart

What is diaphoresis

Excess sweating can be associated with decreased cardiac output

What vein does the percussion test look at

Greater saphenous vein

what is diaphoresis

Excess swearing and cool, clammy skin

In the venous filling time test, how long o filling is indicative of venous insufficiency

More than 15 seconds

When do AV Valeves close

When ventricular walls contract

What is the ratio for ankle brachial index

LE:UE presssure

Where is tricuspid valve

Right heart valve

Where does right ventricle receive blood from and where does it pump blood to

from RA to pulmonary artery to lungs

Where is mitral valve

5th left

What is the heart rate of the AV node

40-60

Where is the pulmonic valve

2nd left

What does circumflex supply

Lateral and inferior walls of left ventricle

Where is tricuspid valve

4th left

What is systole

Period of ventricular contraction

How does one perform the percussion test

In standing palpate one segment of vein while percussing vein approximately 20 cm higher if pulse wave is felt by lower hand, the intervening valves are incompetent

Four heart tissues in order from superficial to deep

Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

Two divisions of left coronary artery

Left anterior descending Circumflex

What is diastole

Period of ventricular relaxation and filling of blood

What makes up S2

Aortic and pulmonary valve closure

With heart disease, what happens to venous return

Decreases

What does pulmonary valve do

Prevents right backflow

What is PR interval

Time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to purkinje fibers

Where is bicuspid/mitral valve

Left heart valve

Is blood light or dark in veins

Dark

What artery supplies the left ventricle

Left coronary artery

Normal adult HR

60-100 bpm

What do arteries do

Transport oxygenated blood from areas of high pressure to low pressure in body tissues

Where is the aortic valve

2nd right

What does S3 indicate

Congestive LV heart failure

What is endocardium

Smooth lining of inner surface and cavities of the heart

What is hyperkalemia

Increased concentration of potassium ions

What valves make up S1

Mitral and tricuspid closing

What is the purpose of atrioventricular valves

Prevent backflow of blood into atria during systole

Where is the atrioventricular node

Junction of right atrium and right ventricle

What does S4 represent

Pathology (heart disease, myocardial infarction)

What does aortic valve do

Prevents left backflow