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TherapyEd > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is displeased

A

Shortness of breath

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2
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Small blood vessels that connect ends of arteries with beginning of veins

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3
Q

What is atrial filling pressure

A

Difference between venous and atrial pressures

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4
Q

Equation for cardiac output

A

HR x SV = CO

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5
Q

What does myocardial perfusion imaging reveal

A

Ischemic heart disease

Myocardial infarction

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6
Q

Normal range for stroke volume

A

4-5 L/min

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7
Q

What is QRS wave

A

Ventricular depolarization

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8
Q

What does the lymphatic system do

A

Drains lymph from bodily tissues and returns it to venous circulation

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9
Q

What does venous fill time measure

A

Examine time necessary to refill veins after emptying

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10
Q

HR for children

A

60-140

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11
Q

Where is the SA node

A

Junction of superior vena cava and right atrium

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12
Q

Increased body temperature causes heart rate to…

A

Increase

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13
Q

What is normal heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

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14
Q

Where does right atrium receive blood from

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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15
Q

What does S1 represent

A

Beginning of systole

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16
Q

How many bpm is tachycardia

A

Over 100 bpm

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17
Q

What is QT interval

A

Time for electrical systole

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18
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Amount of blood discharged from left or right ventricle per minute

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19
Q

What is ejection fraction

A

Percentage of blood emptied from ventricle during systole

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20
Q

What do veins do

A

Transport unoxygenated blood from tissues back to heart

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21
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dye ones

A

Sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep

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22
Q

What is orthopnea

A

Inability to breathe when in a reclining or supine position

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23
Q

What is Stemmer’s Sign

A

Dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting

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24
Q

What is pericardium

A

Fibrous protective sac enclosing heart

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25
Q

What Disease is intermittent claudication associated with

A

Peripheral artery disease

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26
Q

Normal newborn RR

A

30-40 breaths per minute

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27
Q

How does one perform the venous filling time test

A

Patient supine, passively elevate LE to approx 45degrees for 1min then sit them up

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28
Q

What does hypomagnesemia do

A

Ventricular arrhythmia
Coronary artery vasospasm
Sudden death

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29
Q

What is the ST segment

A

Beginning of ventricular repolarization

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30
Q

Two main causes of peripheral causes of edema

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

Lymphedema

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31
Q

How many bpm is bradycardia

A

Less than 60 bpm

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32
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction

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33
Q

What is afterload

A

The force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve

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34
Q

What is AV Valves anchored by

A

Chordae tendineae

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35
Q

Normal range of stroke volume

A

55-100mL/beat

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36
Q

What does chest x-ray do

A

Lung fluids
Overall cardiac shape and size
Aneurysm

37
Q

What does left anterior descending supply

A

Left ventricle

38
Q

What does hypermagnesemia do to heart

A

Arrhythmias or cardiac arrest

39
Q

What is the P wave

A

Atrial depolarization

40
Q

What does hyperkalemia do to heart rate and contraction force

A

Decreased heart rate

Decreased contraction

41
Q

What is intermittent claudication

A

Pain, cramping, and lower extremity fatigue occurring during exercise and relieved by rest

42
Q

Purpose of semilunar valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole

43
Q

HR for newborn

A

90-164 (average 127)

44
Q

What artery supplies right atrium and right ventricle

A

Right coronary artery

45
Q

Normal adult respiratory rate

A

12-20 breaths per minute

46
Q

What does the SA node do

A

Main pacemaker of the heart

47
Q

What enzyme is the primary measure of myocardial infarction

A

Cardiac troponin

48
Q

What do arterioles do

A

Terminal branches of arteries that attach to capillaries

49
Q

Where does left ventricle receive blood from and to where

A

from left atrium

to aorta

50
Q

Normal child RR

A

20-30

51
Q

Where does the left atrium receive blood from

A

The lungs and pulmonary veins

52
Q

What is epicardium

A

Inner layer of pericardium

53
Q

What is myocardium

A

Heart muscle, major portion of heart

54
Q

What is diaphoresis

A

Excess sweating can be associated with decreased cardiac output

55
Q

What vein does the percussion test look at

A

Greater saphenous vein

56
Q

what is diaphoresis

A

Excess swearing and cool, clammy skin

57
Q

In the venous filling time test, how long o filling is indicative of venous insufficiency

A

More than 15 seconds

58
Q

When do AV Valeves close

A

When ventricular walls contract

59
Q

What is the ratio for ankle brachial index

A

LE:UE presssure

60
Q

Where is tricuspid valve

A

Right heart valve

61
Q

Where does right ventricle receive blood from and where does it pump blood to

A

from RA

to pulmonary artery to lungs

62
Q

Where is mitral valve

A

5th left

63
Q

What is the heart rate of the AV node

A

40-60

64
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve

A

2nd left

65
Q

What does circumflex supply

A

Lateral and inferior walls of left ventricle

66
Q

Where is tricuspid valve

A

4th left

67
Q

What is systole

A

Period of ventricular contraction

68
Q

How does one perform the percussion test

A

In standing palpate one segment of vein while percussing vein approximately 20 cm higher

if pulse wave is felt by lower hand, the intervening valves are incompetent

69
Q

Four heart tissues in order from superficial to deep

A

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

70
Q

Two divisions of left coronary artery

A

Left anterior descending

Circumflex

71
Q

What is diastole

A

Period of ventricular relaxation and filling of blood

72
Q

What makes up S2

A

Aortic and pulmonary valve closure

73
Q

With heart disease, what happens to venous return

A

Decreases

74
Q

What does pulmonary valve do

A

Prevents right backflow

75
Q

What is PR interval

A

Time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to purkinje fibers

76
Q

Where is bicuspid/mitral valve

A

Left heart valve

77
Q

Is blood light or dark in veins

A

Dark

78
Q

What artery supplies the left ventricle

A

Left coronary artery

79
Q

Normal adult HR

A

60-100 bpm

80
Q

What do arteries do

A

Transport oxygenated blood from areas of high pressure to low pressure in body tissues

81
Q

Where is the aortic valve

A

2nd right

82
Q

What does S3 indicate

A

Congestive LV heart failure

83
Q

What is endocardium

A

Smooth lining of inner surface and cavities of the heart

84
Q

What is hyperkalemia

A

Increased concentration of potassium ions

85
Q

What valves make up S1

A

Mitral and tricuspid closing

86
Q

What is the purpose of atrioventricular valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood into atria during systole

87
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node

A

Junction of right atrium and right ventricle

88
Q

What does S4 represent

A

Pathology (heart disease, myocardial infarction)

89
Q

What does aortic valve do

A

Prevents left backflow

TherapyEd (81 decks)

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