Pulmonary Flashcards
Lower lobe anterior basal segments
Supine decline
Lower ribs
What does the larynx do
Connects pharynx to trachea
What is Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
Pulmonary infection caused by a fungus in immunocompromised hosts
What is flail chest
Two or more fractures in two or more adjacent ribs
The upper two ribs are raised by…
Scalenes and SCM
What is digital clubbing a sign of
Chronic hypoxemia
What are ribs 1-7 called
False/costochondral ribs
Normal PaCO2
35-45 mmHg
By fixing the shoulder girdle, what muscles can become muscles of inspiration
Trap
Pecs
Serratus
What is assisted cough
Therapist’s hand becomes force behind patient’s exhaled air (pushes downward and inward on attempted cough)
What are vesicular breath sounds
A soft rustling sound heard throughout all of inspiration and the beginning of expiration
What is intrapleural space
Space between two pleurae that maintains approximation of the rib cage and lungs, allowing forces to be transmitted from one structure to another
Normal HCO3
22-28
What are bronchial sounds
A more hollow, echoing sound normal found of right superior anterior thorax
Lower lobes lateral basal segments
Prone decline
Uppermost ribs
Population for tracheal stimulation
Unable to cough on command (infants, brain injury, stroke)
What are ribs 1-6 called
True/costosternal ribs
Lower lobes superior segment
Prone flat
Middle of back at tip of scapula
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
airflow limitation that is not fully reversible… usually an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases
What is inspiration reserve volume
Volume of gas that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting tidal inhalation
How many lobes does the right lung divide into
3
What is the formula for smoking in pack years
Number of packs per day
X
Number of years smoked
In general terms, what are vesicular sounds
Normal breath sounds
Normal hematocrit values
35-48%
What does visceral pleura do
Wraps outer surface of the lungs including fissure lines
Lower lobes posterior basal segment
Prone decline
Lower ribs
What does parietal pleura do
Covers inner surface of thoracic cage, diaphragm, and mediastinal border of lung
What is the Angle of Louis
Sternal angle - the bony ridge between the manubrium and body
What is residual volume
Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after ERV has been exhaled
Patient position and percussion for right middle lobe
Patient supine in decline
Right nipple
What is cystic fibrosis
Genetically inherited disease characterized by thickening of secretions of all exocrine glands, leading to obstruction
What is cyanosis a sign of
Acute Hypoxemia
Huffing is most appropriate for patients with…
Collapsible airways
What are ribs 11 and 12 called and why
Floating
No anterior attachment to sternum
What is respiratory distress syndrome
Alveolar collapse in a premature infant resulting from lung immaturity
Why are ribs 7-10 called false/costochondral ribs
Share costochondral attachments before attaching anteriorly to sternum
Respiratory alkalosis pH and PaCO2
pH increased
PaCO2 decreases
What is pneumothorax
Air in pleural space usually through a lacerated visceral pleura
Lingula
Supine, slightly rotated right in decline
Left nipple
What is expiration reserve volume
Volume of gas that can be exhaled beyond a normal resting tidal exhalation
Patient position and percussion for anterior segment of upper lobe
Supine on flat bed
Clap between clavicle and nipple on each side
What is tidal volume
Volume of gas inhaled/exhaled during normal resting breath
Normal pH for body
7.35-7.45
When are accessory muscles of inspiration used
A more rapid or deeper inhalation is required or in Disease states
Normal white blood cell count
4000-11000
Respiratory acidosis pH and PaCO2
pH decrease
PaCO2 Increase
Why are ribs 1-6 true ribs
They attach to the sternum via single anterior costochondral attachment
What is Sarcoidosis
Multisystem inflammatory disease consisting of granulomas in multiple organs, most often lungs, skin, lymph nodes, eyes, and livers
What is hemothorax
Blood in pleural space, usually from a laceration of the parietal pleura
What is Alveolar Ventilation
Ability to remove carbon dioxide from pulmonary circulation and maintain pH
Normal values of hemoglobin
12-16 g/dL
