Musculoskeletal Part Five Flashcards
what forms the transverse arch
cuneiform & cuboid bones
what bones form the subtalar joint
talus
calcaneus
what is a trimalleolar fracture
fracture of:
lateral mally
medial mally
inferior tibia
MOI for patellofemoral syndrome
- poor VMO strength
2. ITB/lateral retinaculum tightness
plantar fascia is AKA
plantar aponeurosis
the lateral longitudinal arch is supported by…
the long plantar ligament
what type of joint exists between the distal tibia and fibula
syndesmosis
the spring ligament supports…
the medial arch
what motions comprise close-chained supination
DF
ABD talus
IV calcaneus
in the cervical spine, the foramina of the transverse processes contain…
vertebral arteries
gastrocnemius action
PF
knee flexion
what happens to the talus during plantarflexion
creating what…
it slides anteriorly and disengages from the tib/fib
this creates increased joint mobility and decreases stability
what femoral condyle has a longer surface area
lateral
with dorsiflexion, what direction does the fibula rotate and why
fibula rotates laterally
to accommodate the wider portion of the talus
why do tibial fractures take a long time to heal
it has relatively poor blood supply
where does the fibularis brevis insert
tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
what does pronation do to the tibia
IR
what three bones make up the talocrural joint
tibia
fibula
talus
the transverse arch is supported by…
the met heads
for central cord injuries, are upper or lower extremities more affected?
upper
when can a spiral fracture of the tibia occur
severe torsion during skiing accident
what are the rules of threes
T1-T3: SP even with TP
T4-T6: SP 1/2 level below TP
T7-T9: SP one full level below TP
T10: SP full level below TP
T11: SP 1/2 level below TP
T12: SP even with TP
posterior tibialis action
PF
IV
function of the intervertebral foramen
protect the spinal nerve roots as the exit the cord
the femoral artery leads into the ___ artery
popliteal artery
where are uncinate joints found and what are they for
C3-C7
limit lateral flexion
what is lordosis
increased anterior curvature (most often lumbar spine)
what is kyphosis
excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
what femoral condyle descends further inferiorly
medial
what motions comprise open-chain supination
PF
IV
ADD of calcaneus
where does the longitudinal arch run
calcaneus to the metatarsal heads
fibularis longus and brevis action
EV
longus pronates too
what tendon is the dorsalis pedis artery just lateral to
EHL
how long can tibial fractures take to heal
6 months
tightening of the plantar fascia causes
supination of calcaneus
IV of subtalar
(eventually causes rigid lever for push off)
pronation or supination:
in gait, P OR S? allows the foot to conform to irregular surfaces and when P OR S?, the joint acts as a rigid lever for propulsion
pronated - conforms to irregular surfaces
supinated - acts as a rigid lever for propulsion
three MOIs for ACL injury
- tibia driven anteriorly on femur
- femur driven posteriorly on tibia
- knee joint is hyperextended with IR
how can avulsion of the tuberosity on the 5th metatarsal bone happen
violent inversion
what would someone with central cord syndrome have most difficulty doing
placing marbles into a cup
what motions comprise close-chained pronation
PF
ADD talus
EV calc
for central cord injuries, are sensory or motor deficits more present?
motor
what muscles stabilize the medial arch
fib longus
posterior tibialis
intrinsic muscles
it is essential to palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse in order to rule out…
intermittent claudication
during DF, what happens to the talus
talus rotates laterally 30 degrees
when and where can the popliteal artery be palpated
popliteal fossa when the leg is slightly flexed
what muscle attaches to the lateral meniscus
popliteus
what does supination do to the tibia
ER
what motions comprise open-chain pronation
DF
EV
ABD of calcaneus
what happens to the talus during dorsiflexion
creating what..
it slides posterior on the tibia
this creates joint stability and decreases joint mobility
most frequent location for fractures of the tibia
middle of the shaft (narrowest part)
