Cardiopulmonary Part Two Flashcards
when is S1 heard
beginning of systole
S4 is indicative of
PATHOLOGY
CAD
MI
aortic stenosis
chronic HTN
what does S1 indicate
normal closure of mitral and tricuspid
what are examples of gallop rhythms
S3
S4
what is T wave
ventricular repolarization
what is QT interval
time for electrical systole
normal HR for adults and teenagers
60-100 bpm
what is a bounding, full pulse indicative of
shortened ventricular systole
decreased peripheral pressure
aortic sufficiency
where is the tricuspid valve located
4th left intercostal
how many bpms is bradycardia
under 60 bpm
when does S4 occur
just before S1
what are bruits indicative of
atherosclerosis
when is diastolic murmur heard
between S2 and S1
what does P wave mean
atrial depolarization
what is syncope
transient loss of consciousness
Grading Scale for Peripheral Pulses
0: absent pulse, not palpable
1+: pulse diminished, barely perceptible
2+: easily palpable, normal
3+: full pulse, increased strength
4+: bounding pulse
where is the mitral valve located
5th left intercostal
diastolic murmur indicates
valvular disease
S3 is indicative of
congestive (LV) heart failure
what is diaphoresis
excess sweating and cool, clammy skin
what does systolic murmur indicate
valvular disease
or
it could just be normal
how long should regular pulses (regular rhythm) be palpated for
30 seconds
what is a gallop rhythm
abnormal heart rhythm with three sounds in each cycle (resembles the gallop of a horse)
what is pallor
washed out, absence of pink, rosy color
when does S3 occur
after S2
where are bruits common
carotid
femoral arteries
normal children heart rate
60-140 bpm
best pulse to palpate for infants
brachial pulse
what is ST segment
beginning of ventricular repolarization
where is the aortic valve located
2nd right intercostal
when is systolic murmur heard
between S1 and S2
what does S2 indicate
normal close of aortic and pulmonary
how long should irregular rhythm pulses be palpated for
1-2 minutes
how many bpms is tachycardia
over 100 bpm
what is bruit
an adventitious sound or murmur of arterial or venous origin
what is a thrill
an abnormal tremor accompanying a vascular or cardiac murmur (felt on palpation)
what does PR interval mean
time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to Purkinje fibers
for auscultation, where is stethoscope placed
directly on the chest
where is the pulmonic valve located
2nd left intercostal
how are heart murmurs graded
grade 1-6
(1 means softest audible)
(6 means audible with stethescope off the chest)
what does QRS wave mean
ventricular depolarization
when is S2 heard
end of systole
what is postural tachycardia syndrome
sustained heart rate increase over 30 bpm within 10 minutes of standing
