Cardiopulmonary Part Eleven Flashcards
assisted coughing is similar to…
Heimlich maneuver
at rest, how many METs are used
1
MOI anti-cholinergic drugs
inhibit Ach at parasympathetic nerves, blocking vagal effects on SA and AV nodes of the heart
what is huffing
quick exhalations occur after a maximal inspiration
what is ischemia (heart)
the obstruction of circulation that results in a temporary deficiency of blood supplied to a certain area of the heart muscle
what is heart block
when the spread of electrical excitation to the heart muscle is interrupted or slowed
what do calcium channel blockers do
vasodilate and relieve coronary artery spasm
how is abdominal pressure in supine compared to all positions and why
increased abdominal pressure
diaphragm moves toward the head
what do beta-adrenergic blocking agents do
decrease HR
decrease BP
decrease contractility
decrease SV
how to calculate age-predicted max HR
220-patient’s age
normal PaO2
75-100
normal HCO3
23-29
what is percussion for secretion removal
cupped hands are rhythmically applied to the thorax
is lateral lung diameter increased or decreased in prone compared to upright
prone: lateral diameter increased
for cardiopulmonary, what do anti-cholinergic drugs do
used with IV block
or
bradycardia
obstructive disease is characterized by…
reductions in airflow with or without reductions in vital capacity
what position is anteroposterior lung expansion greatest
sitting/upright
low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with
arterial damage
forced expiration techniques are used for what disease
COPD
what ratio is important in reducing the risk of heart disease
LDL/HDL
normal hemoglobin
12-16
normal pH
7.35-7.45
what type of drug is given to a patient with heart block
atropine
what are nitrates
drugs that primarily dilate blood vessels
what is infarction
an area of necrotic tissue that results from a loss of blood supply to that area
high-density lipoproteins (HDL) promote…
removal of cholesterol by the liver
how can calcium-channel blockers negatively affect the heart
could reduce blood flow to the heart muscle creating an ischemic response
what are lipoproteins
proteins that carry fat in the blood for delivery to the cells
following a thoracotomy or in unilateral lung conditions (atelectasis, pneumonia), what is the ideal position in side-lying and why
affected side is positioned uppermost
to improve ventilation/perfusion ratio
right coronary artery block could result in
arrhythmias (fatal)
what is a restrictive disease
decreased vital capacity with normal expiratory airflows
most comfortable position for those with pulmonary complications
sitting/upright
normal Hematocrit
male: 40-54%
female: 37-47%
right sided heart failure results in
peripheral edema
how to assist or stimulate a cough
compress the trachea just above the sternal notch
encourage the patient to huff
what is digitalis
drug that slows heart rate and increases contractility
with increased intracranial pressure, what position should be limited/avoided
head down
when do serum enzymes appear in circulation
following the death of cardiac muscle cells
what is shaking for secretion removal
follows inspiration with a “bouncing” of the rib cage
how to decrease dyspnea and increase efficiency of breathing
pursed lip breathing
paced breathing (with activity or exercise)
normal PaCO2
35-45
left coronary artery blockage could result in
LV failure (–> pulmonary edema)
ADLs require how many METs
5
suffix for all beta-blockers:
“olol”
left sided heart failure results in
pulmonary edema
side effects of anti-cholinergic drugs
palpitations
headache
restlessness
ataxia
dry mouth
blurred vision
for arterial oxygen saturation, if percentage falls below __%, there is need for supplemental oxygen
below 88%
appropriate way to measure exercise tolerance for a patient on beta-blockers
HR inappropriate
perceived exertion scale appropriate
