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TherapyEd > Cardiopulmonary Part Eleven > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Part Eleven Flashcards

1
Q

assisted coughing is similar to…

A

Heimlich maneuver

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2
Q

at rest, how many METs are used

A

1

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3
Q

MOI anti-cholinergic drugs

A

inhibit Ach at parasympathetic nerves, blocking vagal effects on SA and AV nodes of the heart

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4
Q

what is huffing

A

quick exhalations occur after a maximal inspiration

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5
Q

what is ischemia (heart)

A

the obstruction of circulation that results in a temporary deficiency of blood supplied to a certain area of the heart muscle

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6
Q

what is heart block

A

when the spread of electrical excitation to the heart muscle is interrupted or slowed

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7
Q

what do calcium channel blockers do

A

vasodilate and relieve coronary artery spasm

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8
Q

how is abdominal pressure in supine compared to all positions and why

A

increased abdominal pressure

diaphragm moves toward the head

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9
Q

what do beta-adrenergic blocking agents do

A

decrease HR

decrease BP

decrease contractility

decrease SV

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10
Q

how to calculate age-predicted max HR

A

220-patient’s age

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11
Q

normal PaO2

A

75-100

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12
Q

normal HCO3

A

23-29

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13
Q

what is percussion for secretion removal

A

cupped hands are rhythmically applied to the thorax

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14
Q

is lateral lung diameter increased or decreased in prone compared to upright

A

prone: lateral diameter increased

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15
Q

for cardiopulmonary, what do anti-cholinergic drugs do

A

used with IV block

or

bradycardia

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16
Q

obstructive disease is characterized by…

A

reductions in airflow with or without reductions in vital capacity

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17
Q

what position is anteroposterior lung expansion greatest

A

sitting/upright

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18
Q

low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with

A

arterial damage

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19
Q

forced expiration techniques are used for what disease

A

COPD

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20
Q

what ratio is important in reducing the risk of heart disease

A

LDL/HDL

21
Q

normal hemoglobin

A

12-16

22
Q

normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

23
Q

what type of drug is given to a patient with heart block

A

atropine

24
Q

what are nitrates

A

drugs that primarily dilate blood vessels

25
Q

what is infarction

A

an area of necrotic tissue that results from a loss of blood supply to that area

26
Q

high-density lipoproteins (HDL) promote…

A

removal of cholesterol by the liver

27
Q

how can calcium-channel blockers negatively affect the heart

A

could reduce blood flow to the heart muscle creating an ischemic response

28
Q

what are lipoproteins

A

proteins that carry fat in the blood for delivery to the cells

29
Q

following a thoracotomy or in unilateral lung conditions (atelectasis, pneumonia), what is the ideal position in side-lying and why

A

affected side is positioned uppermost

to improve ventilation/perfusion ratio

30
Q

right coronary artery block could result in

A

arrhythmias (fatal)

31
Q

what is a restrictive disease

A

decreased vital capacity with normal expiratory airflows

32
Q

most comfortable position for those with pulmonary complications

A

sitting/upright

33
Q

normal Hematocrit

A

male: 40-54%
female: 37-47%

34
Q

right sided heart failure results in

A

peripheral edema

35
Q

how to assist or stimulate a cough

A

compress the trachea just above the sternal notch

encourage the patient to huff

36
Q

what is digitalis

A

drug that slows heart rate and increases contractility

37
Q

with increased intracranial pressure, what position should be limited/avoided

A

head down

38
Q

when do serum enzymes appear in circulation

A

following the death of cardiac muscle cells

39
Q

what is shaking for secretion removal

A

follows inspiration with a “bouncing” of the rib cage

40
Q

how to decrease dyspnea and increase efficiency of breathing

A

pursed lip breathing

paced breathing (with activity or exercise)

41
Q

normal PaCO2

A

35-45

42
Q

left coronary artery blockage could result in

A

LV failure (–> pulmonary edema)

43
Q

ADLs require how many METs

A

5

44
Q

suffix for all beta-blockers:

A

“olol”

45
Q

left sided heart failure results in

A

pulmonary edema

46
Q

side effects of anti-cholinergic drugs

A

palpitations

headache

restlessness

ataxia

dry mouth

blurred vision

47
Q

for arterial oxygen saturation, if percentage falls below __%, there is need for supplemental oxygen

A

below 88%

48
Q

appropriate way to measure exercise tolerance for a patient on beta-blockers

A

HR inappropriate

perceived exertion scale appropriate

TherapyEd (81 decks)

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