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TherapyEd > Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the berg balance scale

A

Sitting unsupported, sit-to-stand, transfers

, standing on one leg, turning, pick object off floor

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2
Q

What is opisthotonos

A

Prolonged severe spasm of muscles causing head, back, and heels to arch backward… arms and hands are flexed

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3
Q

What is stupor

A

Patient can be aroused from sleep only with painful stimulus

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4
Q

What is myelography

A

X-rays of spine after injection of air or dye into subarachnoid space

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5
Q

What is myelography used for

A

Finds abnormalities impinging on subarachnoid space

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6
Q

What is paralysis

A

Loss of voluntary motion

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7
Q

What is ventriculography used for

A

Localized tumors, increased intracranial pressure

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8
Q

What is Obtundation

A

Patient can open eyes, look at examiner, but responds slowly and is confused

Decreased alertness and interest in environment

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9
Q

What is dyssynergia

A

Impaired ability to associate muscles together for complex movement

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10
Q

What is Ventriculography

A

X-rays of skull after injection of air into lateral ventricles

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11
Q

Flaccidity and hypotonia are indicative of

A

LMN lesion

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12
Q

What is paresis

A

Weakness

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13
Q

what is agnosia

A

Inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality while retaining ability to recognize same object with other sensory modalities

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14
Q

What is dysmetria

A

Impaired ability to judge the distance or range of movement

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15
Q

What is Poor balance

A

Requires hand-hold support and mod/max A to maintain position

Unable to accept challenge or move without loss of balance

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16
Q

What is decerebrate posture

A

Extension in all four limbs

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17
Q

Ranking of Functional Balance Grades from best to worst

A 
Normal
Good
Fair
Poor
0 Absent
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18
Q

What is homonymous hemianopsia

A

Loss of half of visual field in each eye

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19
Q

Contraindications to MRI

A

Metal implants

Pacemakers

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20
Q

What portion of the brain is MRI ZBEST FOR

A

Superior image

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21
Q

What is CT good for

A

Hemorrhage, edema , cerebral infarction

22
Q

What is Brudzinski’s Sign

A

Patient in supine, flex neck to chest

Positive: causes flexion of hips and knees

23
Q

What is computed tomography (CT)

A

X-ray beams through tissues, gives cross sections of the brain for 3D localization

24
Q

What is myoclonus

A

Single, quick jerk

25
Q

What is Echoencephalogram (ultrasound) used for

A

lumen of carotid artery

26
Q

What is Normal balance grade

A

Can stand without hand held support

Accepts maximal challenge and can shift weight easily at full range in all directions

27
Q

What is rigidity

A

Increased resistance to PROM that is independent of the velocity of movement

28
Q

What is Fair balance

A

Maintains balance with hand held support, may require min A

Accepts minimal challenge, can maintain balance while turning head/trunk

29
Q

define each score on Reflex Scoring Scale

A

0: absent

1+: tone change, no visible movement of extremities

2+: visible movement of extremities

3+: exaggerated, full movement of extremities

4+: obligatory and sustained movement lasting over 30 seconds

30
Q

What is cerebral angiography

A

X-rays of skull after injection of dye into carotid or vertebral arteries of both

31
Q

What is the Times Up and Go test

A

Walk 3m turn and return to chair

32
Q

What is Electroencephalography used for

A

Structural disease of brain
Seizures
Intracranial lesions

33
Q

What does Lumbar puncture do

A

Measures protein, glucose, immunoglobulin content, cell count

34
Q

Scoring range of GCS and how are scores broken down

A

3-15

1-8: severe brain injury
9-12: moderate brain injury
13-15: minor brain injury

35
Q

What is tremor

A

Continuous quivering movements; rhythmic oscillatory movement observed at rest

36
Q

What is Kernig’s Sign

A

Patient in supine, flex hip and knee fully to chest, then extend knee

Positive: causes pain and increased resistance to extending knee due to spasm of hamstring

37
Q

What is cogwheel rigidity

A

Interrupted by a series of jerks

38
Q

What are tics

A

Spasmodic contractions of specific muscles, commonly involving face, head, neck, or shoulder muscles

39
Q

What is MRI called for for the brain

A

tumors
demyelination
vascular abnormalities

40
Q

What is decorticate posture

A

Flexion UE

Extension LE

41
Q

What is Positron Emission Tomography used for (PET)

A

Major clinical tool for cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism

42
Q

What is Cheyne-Stokes respiratoration

A

a period of apnea lasting 10-60 seconds followed by gradually increasing depth and frequency of respirations

43
Q

What are the three elements of response on the Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Eye opening
Motor response
Verbal response

44
Q

What is dysdiadochokinesia

A

Impaired ability to perform rapidly alternating movements

45
Q

What does each grade in the Modified Ashworth Scale represent

A

0: no increase in muscle tone
1: slight increase in muscle tone, minimal resistance at end of ROM

1+: slight increase in muscle tone, minimal resistance through less than half of ROM

2: more marked increase in muscle tone, through most of ROM, affected part easily moved
3: considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult
4: affected part rigid in flexion or extension

46
Q

What is the romberg test

A

Patient stands with feet in normal stance position, first with eyes open, then with eyes closed

47
Q

What is athetosis

A

Slow, irregular, twisting, sinuous movements, occurring especially in UEs

48
Q

What is Good Functional Balance Grade

A

Able to maintain balance without hand-held support, limited sway

Accepts moderate challenge, can maintain balance while picking object off floor

49
Q

What is chorea

A

Relatively quick twitches or “dancing” movements

50
Q

What is lead pipe rigidity

A

Uniform throughout the range

51
Q

What is apneustic breathing

A

Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged inspiration

TherapyEd (81 decks)

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