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TherapyEd > General Pathologies > Flashcards

General Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

what tendons are affected in medial epiconylitis

A

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

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2
Q

how do ulnar collateral ligament damages occur

A

Result of repetitive valgus stresses to medial elbow with overhead throwing

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3
Q

How does torticollis present

A

Side-bending toward
Rotation away

affected SCM

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4
Q

What is Anterior Compartment Syndrome

A

Increased compartmental pressure resulting in a local ischemic condition

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5
Q

PCL laxity may result in single plane instability in what direction

A

Posterior

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6
Q

what other structure may be involved with a SLAP lesion

A

biceps tendon

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7
Q

What is an individual with osteoporosis more prone to

A

Fracture

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8
Q

what is de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation/degeneration of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longis tendons at first dorsal compartment

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9
Q

what does ape hand deformity result from

A

Median nerve dysfunction

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10
Q

Conservative treatment of scoliosis is called for when the angle is

A

Less than 25

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11
Q

when does posterior dislocation occur

A

horizontal ADD

IR

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12
Q

What is internal (posterior)impingement

A

Irritation between rotator cuff and greater tuberosity

or posterior glenoid and labrum

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13
Q

what cause DQTS

A

repetitive microtrauma or as complication of swelling during pregnancy

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14
Q

What diseases are common with adhesive capsulitis

A

diabetes and thyroid disease

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15
Q

When does GH anterior-inferior occur

A

Abducted UE

forcefully ER

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16
Q

What population commonly has flexor hallucis tendonopathy

A

Ballet performers

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17
Q

Primary/postmenopausal osteoporosis is directly related to a decrease in…

A

Estrogen production

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18
Q

What does Paget’s Disease result in

A

Spinal stenosis
Facet arthropathy
Possible spinal fracture

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19
Q

Is Paget’s Disease a metabolic disease

A

Yup

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20
Q

Side effects of acetaminophen

A

Liver

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21
Q

What is the deformity in hallux valgus

A

Medial deviation of head of first metatarsal from midline of body

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22
Q

What is osteomyelitis

A

Inflammatory response within bone caused by infection

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23
Q

What does coxa vara usually result from

A

Defect in ossification of femoral head

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24
Q

Side effects of NSAIDs

A

GI irritation
Fluid retention
Renal/liver problems
Prolonged bleeding

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25
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the shoulder

A

ER

ABD, FLEX

least restricted in IR

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26
Q

What is myositis ossificans

A

Painful condition of abnormal calcification within muscle belly

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27
Q

most common direction for GH dislocation

A

anterior-inferior

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28
Q

ACL laxity results in single plane instability in what direction

A

Anterior

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29
Q

what is a Boxer’s Fracture

A

fracture of neck of fifth metacarpal

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30
Q

What is Torricollis

A

Spasm or tightness of SCM

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31
Q

What causes CRPS

A

Trauma

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32
Q

Primary signs and symptoms of bursitis

A

Pain with rest

PROM and AROM limited due to pain but not capsular pattern

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33
Q

What two tests are best for meniscus injuries

A

McMurray’s

Apley’s

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34
Q

What is ape hand deformity observed as

A

Thenar muscle wasting

First digit moving dorsally until it’s in line with second digit

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35
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic systemic disorder of unknown etiology usually involving symmetrical dysfunction in synovial tissues and articular cartilage of joints of hands, wrists, elbow, shoulders, knees, ankles, and feet

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36
Q

Deformity in Boutonniere

A

MCP extension
DIP extension
PIP flexion

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37
Q

What is the Terrible/Unhappy Triad

A

MCL, ACL, medial meniscus

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38
Q

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel

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39
Q

ITB disorder results on inflammation of….

A

Trochanteric bursa

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40
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Metabolic disease that depleted bone mineral density/mass

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41
Q

What does Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Contracture of palmar fascia that adheres to skin

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42
Q

Bracing of scoliosis is called for when the angle is

A

25-45

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43
Q

In kids, toeing in (pigeon toed) is common with what position

A

W sit

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44
Q

Where does esophagus refer pain

A

The back

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45
Q

When can the piriformis become overworked

A

With excessive pronation (causing femoral IR)

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46
Q

What femoral condyle is most prone to fractures

A

Medial femoral

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47
Q

what is adhesive capsulitis

A

Restriction in shoulder motion as a result of inflammation and fibrosis of shoulder capsule

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48
Q

What direction are elbow dislocations most common in

A

Posterolateral

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49
Q

Deformity in Swan Neck

A

MCP flexion
DIP flexion
PIP extension

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50
Q

What is promoted for equinus

A

Subtalar

Midtarsal

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51
Q

What position should be avoided for THR

A

Hip flexion above 90
ADD
IR

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52
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel of the wrist due to inflammation of the flexor tendons and/or median nerve

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53
Q

For spinal stenosis, what is hypertrophied

A

Spinal lamina

Ligamentum flavum

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54
Q

What is a grade 2 ankle sprain

A

Some loss of function

Partial disruption of Anterior talofibular & calcaneofubular ligaments

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55
Q

How is impingement syndrome caused

A

Repetitive overhead AROM

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56
Q

What type of gait is present in avascular necrosis

A

Coxalgic gait

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57
Q

What is osteomalacia

A

Decalcification of bones due to vitamin D deficiency

58
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis

A

Progressive inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that initially affects axial skeleton

59
Q

Where does pancreas refer pain

A

The back

60
Q

What causes mallet finger

A

Rupture or avulsion of extensor tendon at its insertion into distal phalanx of digit

61
Q

what is SLAP lesion

A

tearing of superior glenoid labrum from anterior to posterior

62
Q

What muscle causes ulnar nerve entrapment

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

63
Q

In psoriatic arthritis, where does erosive degeneration most commonly occur

A

Joints of digits as well as axial skeleton

64
Q

What muscle causes median nerve entrapment

A

Pronator teres

Flexor digitorum superficialis

65
Q

What is Bankart’s Lesion

A

Avulsion of anteroinferior capsule and ligaments associated with glenoid rim

66
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Banding on palm and digit flexion contracture

67
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

Congenitally defective pars interarticularis

68
Q

What is patella baja

A

Malalignment in which patella tracks inferiorly in femoral intercondylar notch

69
Q

What is a grade 3 ankle sprain

A

Complete loss of function

Complete tear of ATFL & CFL

Partial tear of TFL

70
Q

Where is gout most common

A

Knee and great toe

71
Q

What is Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

A

Dysfunction of sympathetic nervous system

72
Q

What is patella Alta

A

Malalignment in which patella tracks superiorly in femoral intercondylar notch

73
Q

MOI for epiphysyseal plate fracture

A

Weight bearing torsional stress

74
Q

what happens to the spine in ankylosing spondylitis

A

Kyphotic deformity of cervical and thoracic spine

Decrease lumbar lordosis

75
Q

Most common place for RA to affect

A

MCP and PIP

76
Q

what is TOS

A

Compression of neurovascular bundle in thoracic outlet between bony and soft tissue structures

77
Q

Who are noncemented THRs used for

A

Younger, more active individuals

78
Q

What is gout

A

Genetic disorder of purine metabolism

79
Q

What causes plantar fasciitis

A

Excessive pronation

80
Q

What does patella baja result in

A

Restricted knee extension with abnormal cartilaginous wearing, resulting in DJD

81
Q

For positive piriformis syndrome, what motion is most restricted

A

IR

82
Q

Side effects of muscle relaxants

A

Drowsiness
Lethargy
Ataxia
Decreased alertness

83
Q

What is Panner’s Disease

A

Localized avascular necrosis of capitellum leading to loss of subchondral bone

84
Q

What is psoriatric arthritis

A

Chronic, erosive disorder of union etiology associated with psoriasis

85
Q

Capsular pattern of elbow

A

loss of flexion greater than extension

86
Q

People who have trochanteric bursitis most likely also have

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

87
Q

Observed deformity of mallet finger

A

Flexion of DIP joint

88
Q

What is coxa valga

A

Angle of femoral neck with shaft of femur more than 125 degrees

89
Q

What usually causes osteomyelitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

90
Q

What is medial tibial stress Syndrome

A

Overuse injury of the posterior tibialis and/or medial soleus (results in periosteal inflammation at the muscular attachments)

91
Q

What is equinus

A

Plantar flexed

92
Q

What does the piriformis do

A

Less than 60 degrees hip flexion: ER

90 degrees of hip flexion: IR and ABD

93
Q

what is damaged in anterior-inferior GH dislocation

A

inferior glenohumeral ligament
anterior capsule
glenoid labrum

94
Q

What kind of activity occurs with Paget’s Disease

A

Abnormal osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

95
Q

What are bouchard’s nodes (characteristic of RA)

A

Excessive bone formation on dorsal aspect of PIP joints)

96
Q

What is pens cavus (general)

A

Flat foot

97
Q

What is elevated with gout

A

Uric acid

98
Q

What quadrant is cholecystitis pain present in

A

Upper right

99
Q

Are men or women more affected by AS

A

Men x3

100
Q

Most common mechanism of injury for femoral condyle fracture

A

A fall ITB knee subjected to a shearing force

101
Q

What should be avoided after surgical repair of impingement

A

Shoulder elevation over 90

102
Q

Tightness in the piriformis can cause…

A

Sciatic nerve compression

103
Q

What is coxa vara

A

Angle of femoral neck with shaft of femur less than 115 degrees

104
Q

Where is the pain in palpation for shin splints

A

Lateral tibia and anterior compartment

105
Q

What is a complication of Colles’ fracture

A

Median nerve compression (can occur with excessive edema)

106
Q

When does ankylosing spondylitis usually onset

A

Before 40

107
Q

Tibial plateau fractures often occur in conjunction with…

A

MCL injury

108
Q

What can patella alta result in

A

Chronic patellar subluxation

109
Q

Where does kidney, bladder, ovary, and uterus refer pain

A

Trunk, pelvis, thighs

110
Q

What tendon is most affected in lateral epicondylitis

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

111
Q

Do Bankart’s Lesions require surgery

A

Yes

112
Q

For cemented THR, can they tolerate FWB after sx

A

Yes

113
Q

What causes swan neck deformity

A

Contracture of intrinsic muscles with dorsal subluxation of lateral extensor tendons

114
Q

What deformity is present with Colles’ fracture

A

Dinner fork

115
Q

Most common MOI for tibial plateau injury

A

Combo of Valgum and compression forces to knee when knee is flexed

116
Q

what is a Hill-Sachs lesion

A

compression fracture of posterior humeral head

117
Q

What muscles are involved in anterior tibial periostitis (shin splints)

A

Anterior tibialis

Extensor hallucis Longus

118
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis (Scotty dog)

119
Q

What is Paget’s Disease

A

Linked to a viral infection along with environmental factors

120
Q

What causes Boutonniere deformity

A

Rupture of central tenonous slip of extensor hood

121
Q

Normal metatarsalangeal angle

A

8-20 degrees

122
Q

What compromises space in the tarsal tunnel

A

Over pronation
Overuse
Trauma

123
Q

What causes adhesive capsulitis

A

Disuse following injury or repetitive micro trauma

124
Q

What is a grade 1 ankle sprain

A

No loss of function

Minimal tearing

125
Q

What is Legg-Calve Perthes Disease

A

Blood supply interruption to femoral head in kids

126
Q

What is Smith’s fracture

A

Distal fragment of radius dislocates in volar direction causing garden spade deformity

127
Q

what is the Aprehension position that should be avoided after GH dislocation

A

flexion to 90
horizontal ADD to 90
ER to 80

128
Q

Most common areas in TOS

A

Superior thoracic outlet
Scalene triangle
Between clavicle and first rib
Pec minor and thoracic wall

129
Q

If there is an increased Q angle, what can result

A

Lateral patellar tracking (lateral subluxation)

130
Q

What is the most common wrist fracture

A

Colles’ fracture

131
Q

What ROM is affected in avascular necrosis

A

Flexion
IR
ABD

132
Q

What tests would be positive for ITB

A

Noble compression test

Ober’s

133
Q

What structure is also affected with trochanteric bursitis

A

Iliotibial band

134
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal

A

Scaphoid

135
Q

What is avascular necrosis

A

Multiple etiologies resulting in an impaired blood supply to the femoral head

136
Q

Difference between CRPS1 and CRPS2

A

1 - triggered by tissue injury.. no underlying nerve injury

2 - nerve injury

137
Q

What causes injury to the unhappy triad

A

Valgum
Flexion
ER

forces to the knee when the foot is planted

138
Q

What test helps with Achilles’ problems

A

Thompson Test

139
Q

Two classifications of labral tears

A

Superior

Inferior

140
Q

What causes myositis ossificans

A

Direct trauma that results in hematoma and calcification of the muscle

141
Q

what structure may be involved with a Bankart’s Lesion

A

Inferior GH ligament

TherapyEd (81 decks)

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