Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What does unstable angina increase risk for

Answer 1

MI

lethal arrhythmia

Question 2

What do nitrates do

Answer 2

Decrease preload through peripheral vasodilation

Question 3

What is myocardial infarction

Answer 3

Prolonged ischemia, injury, and death of an area of the myocardium caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries

Question 4

Difference between heteroptic and othotopic heart transplant

Answer 4

Heteroptic: leaving the natural heart and piggybacking the donor heart

Orthotopic: removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a donor heart

Question 5

What is zone of injury

Answer 5

Area immediately adjacent to central zone

Noncontractile tissue

Cells undergoing metabolic changes

Electrically unstable

Question 6

What is Levine’s Sign

Answer 6

Patient clenches first over sternum

Question 7

What is the Zone of Infarction

Answer 7

Consists of necrotic, non contractile tissues

Question 8

What does variant angina respond well to

Answer 8

Nitroglycerin

Calcium channel blockers long term

Question 9

What is stable angina

Answer 9

Classic exertional angina occurring during exercise or activity

Question 10

What is heart failure

Answer 10

Clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation of the blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

Question 11

What is variant angina causes by

Answer 11

Vasospasm of coronary arteries in the absence of occlusive disease

Question 12

What is Levine’s Sign a sign of

Answer 12

Angina pectoris

Question 13

What is thrombolytic therapy for

Answer 13

Acute myocardial infarction

Question 14

How is stable angina relieved

Answer 14

Rest

Nitroglycerin

Question 15

What is varicose veins

Answer 15

Distended, swollen superficial veins

Question 16

What is Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

Answer 16

Chronic, inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and also veins

Question 17

What do angiotensin II receptor blockers do

Answer 17

Blocks binder of angiotensin II at the tissue/smooth muscle level which decreases BP

Question 18

What do diuretics do

Answer 18

Decrease myocardial work to control hypertension

Question 19

What type of angina is Prinzmetal’s Angina

Answer 19

Variant

Question 20

What are the three types of angina

Answer 20

Stable
Unstable
Variant

Question 21

What is unstable angina

Answer 21

Coronary insufficiency at any time without any precipitating factors or exertion

Question 22

What are the zones of infarction

Answer 22

Zone of infarction
Zone of injury
Zone of ischemia

Question 23

What do ACE inhibitors do

Answer 23

Decrease Na retention and peripheral vasoconstriction in decrease blood pressure

Question 24

What is Raynaud’s Disease

Answer 24

Episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles

Question 25

What does digitalis do

Answer 25

Increase contractility and decreases heart rate (good for CHF)

Question 26

What does aspirin do

Answer 26

Decrease platelet aggregation (can prevent MI)

Question 27

What blood vessels are used in a CABG

Answer 27

saphenous vein

Internal mammilary artery

Question 28

What is the zone of ischemia

Answer 28

Outer area

Cells undergoing metabolic changes

Electrically unstable