Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
What does unstable angina increase risk for
MI
lethal arrhythmia
What do nitrates do
Decrease preload through peripheral vasodilation
What is myocardial infarction
Prolonged ischemia, injury, and death of an area of the myocardium caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries
Difference between heteroptic and othotopic heart transplant
Heteroptic: leaving the natural heart and piggybacking the donor heart
Orthotopic: removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a donor heart
What is zone of injury
Area immediately adjacent to central zone
Noncontractile tissue
Cells undergoing metabolic changes
Electrically unstable
What is Levine’s Sign
Patient clenches first over sternum
What is the Zone of Infarction
Consists of necrotic, non contractile tissues
What does variant angina respond well to
Nitroglycerin
Calcium channel blockers long term
What is stable angina
Classic exertional angina occurring during exercise or activity
What is heart failure
Clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation of the blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
What is variant angina causes by
Vasospasm of coronary arteries in the absence of occlusive disease
What is Levine’s Sign a sign of
Angina pectoris
What is thrombolytic therapy for
Acute myocardial infarction
How is stable angina relieved
Rest
Nitroglycerin
What is varicose veins
Distended, swollen superficial veins
What is Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)
Chronic, inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and also veins
What do angiotensin II receptor blockers do
Blocks binder of angiotensin II at the tissue/smooth muscle level which decreases BP
What do diuretics do
Decrease myocardial work to control hypertension
What type of angina is Prinzmetal’s Angina
Variant
What are the three types of angina
Stable
Unstable
Variant
What is unstable angina
Coronary insufficiency at any time without any precipitating factors or exertion
What are the zones of infarction
Zone of infarction
Zone of injury
Zone of ischemia
What do ACE inhibitors do
Decrease Na retention and peripheral vasoconstriction in decrease blood pressure
What is Raynaud’s Disease
Episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles
What does digitalis do
Increase contractility and decreases heart rate (good for CHF)
What does aspirin do
Decrease platelet aggregation (can prevent MI)
What blood vessels are used in a CABG
saphenous vein
Internal mammilary artery
What is the zone of ischemia
Outer area
Cells undergoing metabolic changes
Electrically unstable
