Pulmonary Part One Flashcards
what is Pott’s disease
form of tuberculosis that primarily affects the thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae
how many segments in the right lung
10
primary muscle of inspiration
diaphragm
how many lobes in the right lung
3
what is a sign of chronic hypoxemia
digit clubbing
purpose of contract-relax PNF
increase ROM
what is the sternal angle
bony ridge between the manubrium and body
lower airway anatomy
trachea
bronchioles
purpose of the visceral pleura
wraps outer surface of the lung (including fissure lines)
because of the diaphragm, what happens to the abdominal wall during inhalation
protrusion of the wall during inhalation
normal SpO2
98-100%
what will complete blood count show for Pneumocystis pneumonia
nothing (no signs of infection)
in order to provide extra support to the abdominal viscera, what can be applied
abdominal binder
how is respiratory rate with COPD
increased
normal (afebrile) body temperature
98.6 degrees F
37 degrees Celsius
how many segments in the left lung
8
what is anatomical dead space
a space that is well ventilated but in which no respiration occurs
how many lobes in the left lung
2
upper airway anatomy
nose/mouth
pharynx
larynx
what is sarcoidosis
multisystem inflammatory disease consisting of granulomas in mutliple organs, most often the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, eyes, and liver
purpose of alternating isometrics PNF
endurance, strengthening, stability
smoking in pack years formula
number of packs per day
number of years smoked
purpose of rhythmic initiation PNF
initiate movement
what are “false or costochondral” ribs
and why are they called this
7-10
share costochondral attachments before attaching anteriorly to the sternum
what is a sign of acute hypoxemia
cyanosis
type of bacteria present with bacterial pneumonia
gram-positive (streptococcal)
peripheral edema in gravity-dependent positions and jugular venous distension indicates…
heart failure
who is trachael stimulation used for
patients who are unable to cough on command (infants/post TBI)
purpose of parietal pleura
covers inner surface of the thoracic cage, diaphragm, and mediastinal border of the lung
the sternal angle AKA
Angle of Louis
what is respiratory distress syndrome
alveolar collapse in a premature infant resulting from lung immaturity, inadequate level of pulmonary surfactant
what are “true” ribs
and why are they called this
1-6
have a single anterior costochondral attachment to the sternum
what is bronchiectasis
a chronic congenital or acquired disease characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi and excessive sputum production
what are “floating” ribs
and why are they called this
11-12
they have no anterior attachments
what position is the best for diaphragm
supine
hemothorax results in the trachea and mediastinum in what direction
shift away from side of injury
what is Pneumocystis pneumonia
pulmonary infection caused by fungus in immunocompromised hosts
what are the 3 lobes of the right lung divided by
oblique and horizontal fissure lines
during inhalation, the two upper ribs are raised by…
scales
SCMs
normal thoracic excursion
2-3 inches
what are alternating isometrics PNF
isometric contractions on one side of the joint then the other side of the joint without rest
how to perform contact-relax PNF
as extremity reaches point of limitation, patient performs maximal contraction of antagonistic muscle group
therapist resists movement with relaxation
purpose of hold-relax PNF
increase ROM
what is scapular dyskinesia
dysfunctional movement of the scapula (leads to impaired shoulder function)
when are accessory muscles of inspiration used
when a more rapid or deeper inhalation is used
or
with diseases
purpose of calcium carbonate
bone mineral regulating agent that enhances and maximizes bone mass
(prevents bone loss)
what is a drug that can also be used as an antacid
calcium carbonate
what is dantrolene sodium
treats spasticity by interfering with release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
purpose of secobarbital
reduces seizures
