Neuromuscular Part Four Flashcards
is peripheral neuropathy present with AIDS
yes - hypersensitivity, sensory loss, pain
what is cerebral hemorrhage
abnormal bleeding as a result of rupture of ablood vessel
with LMN injury, what happens to motor unit potentials
decreased (denervated muscles)
purpose of PET scan for brain
images cerebral blood flow
brain metabolism
muscle fasciculations are common with
LMN injuries
electromyography is good at diagnosing
LMN disease
what is encephalitis
severe infection and inflammation of the brain
acute bleeding in the brain is indicative of
hemorrhage in developing stroke
increased protein in the CSF may indicate
tumors or inflammation
normal protein CSF adult
15-45 mg/dl
normal CSF child
60-100 mL
when is insertional activity increased
in denervated muscle and muscle diseases
when is cerebral edema seen following stroke
3 days post-stroke
complications of lumbar puncture
severe headache (relieved by lying down)
infection
epidural hematoma
uncal herniation
normal appearance of CSF
crystal clear/colorless
normal protein CSF neonates
15-100 mg/dL
what is cerebral anoxia
lack of oxygen supply to the brain
when is TPA most effective
3-4.5 hours post-stroke
1/3 of patients with AIDS present with
CNS or PNS deficits
what is an echoencephalogram used for
lumen of carotid artery and analyzing flow and detection of plaques in carotid arteries
MRI contraindications
metal implants
pacemakers
normal CSF pressure child
10-100 mmH20
normal CSF pressure adult
90-180 mm H20
purpose of lumbar puncture
withdraws CSF to see protein, glucose, immunoglobulin content, cell count
when does irreversible anoxic damage to the brain occur
4-6 minutes
intracranial pressure is measured via
lumbar puncture
PT role for meningitis
bed positioning
PROM
skin care
for blood flow, is PET or MRI better
MRI
what is cerebral thrombosis
formation or development of a blood clot within the cerebral arteries or branches
what is a transient ischemic attack
brief warning episodes of dysfunction (less than 24 hours)
brain MRI is best used for
blood flow within medium and larger arteries
tumors
demyelination
what type of stroke is TPA most effective for
thrombolitic stroke
normal CSF adult
90-150 mL
what is cerebral infarction (pathophysio)
irreversible cellular damage
when is cerebral infarction seen post-stroke
3-5 days
what is a precursor to stroke for 1/3 of patients
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
what are fasciculations
spontanous contractions of all or most of the fibers in a motor unit
muscle twitches that can be observed or palpated
what is the clot busting drug for stroke
TPA
what spinal level is lumbar puncture performed
L1-L2
complete LMN only display…
fibrillation potentials
best diagnostic imaging for acute stroke
MRI
what does ADC stand for and what is it
AIDS dementia complex
confusion, memory loss, disorientation
what motor loss is present with AIDS
ataxia
weakness
tremor
loss of fine motor control
when is fibrillation evident after losing a nerve
1-3 weeks
what are fibrilations
spontaneous independent contractions of individual muscle fibers
what is insertional activity and when is it seen
burst of action potentials when EMG needle is inserted into normal muscle
risk factors for CVA
atherosclerosis
HTN
cardiac disease
diabetes/metabolic syndrome
seizures are best visualized with what diagnostic test
electroenchalography
what is cerebral embolism
traveling bits of matter that produces occlusion and infarction in the cerebral arteries
