Cardiopulmonary Part Three Flashcards
how do PVCs look on EKG
no P wave
wide QRS (premature)
what is ventricular tachycardia
a run of three or more PVCs occurring sequentially
what is intermittent claudication
pain, cramping, and lower extremity fatigue occurring during exercise and relieved by rest
pitting edema AKA
indentation
what is orthopnea
inability to breathe when in reclining or supine position
normal values of pulse oximetry
95-100%
what do ventricle arrhythmias form form
ectopic focus in the ventricles
what is to be expected with skin temperature with poor arterial perfusion
decreased skin temperature
what do nitrates do to heart rate
increases heart rate
when does the ST segment become depressed
impaired coronary perfusion (ischemia or injury)
CHF: symmetrical or assymetrical edema
bilateral
what is bradypnea
decrease of RR under 10 breaths per minute
what can crackles indicate
secretions in the lungs
what is non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT)
3 or more consecutive beats in duration, terminating spontaneously in less than 30 seconds
what is dyspnea
shortness of breathe
what is rubor
dependent redness with PAD
what are premature ventricular contractions
premature beat resulting from the ventricle
where is pain typically for IC
mostly the calves
but can be in the thigh, hips, or buttocks
BPM of:
atrial tachycardia
atrial flutter
fibrillation
AT: 140-250
AF: 250-350
fibrillation: over 300
what is orthostatic hypotension
drop in BP that accompanies change from supine to standing
what atrioventricular block is life threatening
third degree
what is anoxia
complete lack of oxygen
what is hypoxia
low oxygen level in the tissues
what is Holter monitoring
continuous ambulatory EKG monitoring via tape recording of cardiac rhythm for up to 24 hours
what needs to happen after ventricular fibrillation
CPR
what does hypothermia do to heart rate
slows it
what atrioventricular block requires inplantation of a surgical cathetar
third degree
what is tachypnea
increase in respiratory rate over 22 breaths per minute
how many PVCs are considered serious
over 6 per minute
paired, in sequential runs, multifocal, very early
ventricular tachycardia is the result of
ischemic ventricle
what is hypoxemia
abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood
is ventricular fibrilation a medical emergency
YES
intermittent claudication is associated with…
peripheral artery disease
if there is no CPR, what happens with ventricular fibrillation
death within 4-6 minutes
what is clubbing
curvature of fingernails with soft tissue enlargement at base of the nail
Grading Scale for Edema (all)
1+: mild, barely perceptible indentation (less than 1/4 inch pitting)
2+: moderate, easily identified depression; returns to normal within 15 seconds (1/4-1/2 inch pitting)
3+: severe, depression takes 15-30 seconds to rebound (1/2-1inch pitting)
4+: very severe, depression lasts for over 30 seconds (over 1 inch pitting)
how is ventricular fibrillation described (heart stuff)
chaotic activity of ventricles originating from multiple foci
what time of the day is IC pain worst
night
what is ventricular fibrillation (in general)
pulseless situation
what is pitting edema
depression is maintained when finger is pressed firmly
what does digitalis do to EKG
depresses ST segment
flattens T wave
QT shortens
do premature ventricular contractions occur in the normal population
yes occurs occasionally in the majority of the normal population
what is hyperpnea
increase in depth and rate of breathing
clubbing is indicative of
chronic oxygen deficiency
chronic pulmonary disease
heart failure
definition of “neurological level” related to SCIs
most caudal segment that still maintains normal motor and sensory function on BOTH sides of the body
qualifications for orthostatic hypotension
systolic drops over 20mmHg
diastolic drops over 10mmHg
purpose of a volumeter
measuring girth with irregular body parts (such as hand or foot)
what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep
what are atrial arrhytmias
rapid and repetitive firing of one or more ectopic foci in the atria
what does pulse oximetry measure
degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
