Cardiopulmonary Part Six Flashcards
late stages of IC symptoms
rest pain
muscle atrophy
trophic changes (hair loss, skin and nail changes)
complication with diabetic angiopathy
neuropathy
progression of areas of the body affected by thromboangiitis obliterans
begins distally
progresses proximally
in both UEs and LEs
what does effleurage massage produce
reflexive resposne
does pulmonary embolism require emergency treatment?
YUP
how is blood flow to extremities affected with peripheral artery disease
diminished blood supply to extremities
thromboangiitis obliterans AKA
buerger’s disease
when is symptom-limited exercise tolerance test administered
prior to start of Phase 2 outpatient cardiac rehab program
rollowing cardiac rehab as an outcome measure
symptoms of thromboangiitis obliterans
paresthesias or pain
cynatic/cold extremity
diminished temperature sensation
fatigue
risk of ulceration
gangrene
how to calculate heart-rate range (Karvonen’s Formula)
60%-80% (HR max - resting HR)
+
resting HR
= target heart rate
what is petrissage massage
kneading where the muscle is squeezed and rolled under the therapist’s hands
purpose of exercise tolerance testing
to determine physiologocial responses during a measured exercise stress
allows determination of functional exercise capacity of an individual and detects presence of ischemia
when is submaximal ETT terminated
85% of age predicted heart rate max
how would someone with IC describe their pain
burning
searing
aching
tightness
cramping
specific drugs for DVTs
low-molecular weight heparin
exercise tolerance testing serves as a basis for…
exercise prescription
what are varicose veins
distended, swollen superficial veins
symptoms of Raynaud’s
tips of fingers develop:
pallor
cyanosis
numbness
tingling
patients at high risk for bleeding with DVTs are given what types of drugs
unfractioned heparin
what is used as a screening measure for CAD in asymptomatic individuals
exercise tolerance testing
varicose veins can lead to…
varicose ulcers
two ways to calculate age predicted maximum heart rate
220-age (high degree of error)
208-0.7 x age (less error)
occlusive peripheral arterial disease is the result o
peripheral atherosclerosis
population who gets thromboangiitis obliterans
young adults
males
who smoke
color of skin with peripheral artery disease
pale on elevation
dusky red on dependency
where should the strokes in effleurage be directed
the heart
what can pulmomary embolism lead to
RIGHT heart dysfunction and failure
males or females more likely to get Raynaud’s
females
pulmonary embolism symptoms
chest pain
dyspnea
diaphoresis
cough
apprehension
what is Wells Criteria for
DVT
what is diabetic angiopathy
an inappropriate elevation of blood glucose
and
accelerated atherosclerosis
what is Raynaud’s
episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles
what is chronic venous valvular insufficiency
from fibroelastic degeneration of valve tissue, venous dilation
what is deep vein thrombophlebitis
clot formation and acute inflammation in a deep vein
when is low-molecular weight heparin contraindicated
patients at high risk for bleeding
early stages of peripheral artery disease: patients exhibit…
intermittent claudication
primary purpose of tapotement massage
enhance circulation and stimulate peripheral nerve endings
what is thromboangiitis obliterans
chronic, inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and also veins
when is ETT with radionuclide perfusion used
when patient is unable to perform a regular ETT
All Grades of Chronis Venous Stasis
Grade I: mild aching, minimal edema, dilated superficial veins
Grade II: increased edema, multiple dilated veins, changes in skin pigmentation
Grade III: venous claudication, severe edema, cutaneous ulceration
what are venous thromboembolisms
the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein that can lead to complications including:
DVTs
PEs
postthrombotic syndrome
exercise tolerance testing AKA
graded exercise test
what is chronic posthrombotic syndrome
combination of signs and symptoms that persists after a LE DVT (thrombosis resolution is incomplete)
what is vibration massage technique
PT’s hands or fingers firmly over an area and utilizes a rapid shaking motion that causes vibration to the teratment area
what is tapotement massage
provides stimulation through rapid and alternating movements such as tapping, hacking, cupping, and slapping
general type of drugs for DVTs
anticoagulation
