Musculoskeletal Part Nine Flashcards
define each MMT from 0-5 (just names)
5 - normal
4 - good
3 - fair
2 - poor
1 - trace
0 - zero
what brings on pain associated with vascular claudication
physical exertion
what is a discography
radioopaque dye injected into disc to identify abnormalities within the disc (annulus or nucleus)
needle inserted into the disc with assistance of radiography (fluoroscopy)
dermatome level for nipples
T4
dermatome level for perineum (dick, b-hole)
S2-S4
C5, C6, C7 level dermatomes
lateral parts of upper limbs
what does T2 MRI do
suppress fat and demonstrates tissue with high water content
effects on mandible secondary to forward head posture
elevated
retruded
what happens to the tongue in a forward head postre
drops to the floor of the mouth
what is 3/5 MMT
lifting or holding against gravity without resistance
what type of movement brings on symptoms of spinal stenosis
walking
what patients would be good for bone scans
RA
bone cancer
bone infection
muscle fasciculation AKA
muscle twitching
what is arthrography
injects water soluble dye into an area and observe with a radiograph
(watching how fluid moves within a joint)
slow twitch fibers are Type #?
type 1
diagnostic ultrasound looks to assess…
soft tissue dysfunctions
in a forward head posture, what happens to the upper cervical spine
extended (can compress vascular structures)
bad things about myelography
very expensive
more side effects than MRI/CT
what is arthrography used for
abnormalities within joints (tendon ruptures)
what is 4/5 MMT
lifting or holding against gravity with moderate to minimal resistance
what type of pulses would be demonstrated with vascular claudication
decreased/absent
dermatome level of umbillicus
T10
progressive order for the recruitment of muscle fibers during contraction
ST
FT
FTA
FTAB
FTB
dermatome level for inguinal or groin
T12
what do radiographs look at
“hot spots” of increased metabolic activity
how would someone with neoplastic disease describe their pain
gnawing
intense
penetrating
what color is bone on x-ray
white
dermatome for the thumb
C6
what is a bone scan
chemicals laced with radioactive tracers are injected
for OA, what happens to pain after they wake up
pain eases through the morning (4-5 hours)
what reduces symptoms of vascular claudication
rest
for OA, what position might bring on pain for someone
pain and stiffness with rising
dermatome level for medial side of great toe
L4
what is myelography
dye injected and visualized as it passes through vertebral canal to observe anatomy within region
TFL actions at different positions of the knee
ABD/IR
0-30 degrees knee flexion: knee ext
45-145 knee flex: knee flex
what is 5/5 MMT
lift/hold against gravity with max resistance
are MRIs expensive?
yes
two types of muscle fibers
slow twitch
fast twitch
what muscle group are type 1 muscle fibers more commonly seen in
Type 1
overall, bone scans look at ____ activity within bones
metabolic
for facet joint dysfunction, when is pain present and when does it go away
present with rising
eases within one hour
C8, T1 level dermatome
medial sides of upper limbs
C5 level cermatome
clavicle
what does T1 MRI for
bony anatomy
three major characteristics of lower motor neuron lesions
fasciculations
decreased DTRs
hypotonia
fast twitch fibers are type #?
type 2
what is myelography used for
discs
stenosis
for spinal stenosis, what positions would increase/decrease pain
decrease: flexed positions
increase: extended
for facet joint dysfunction, what reduces symptoms
movement in pain-free range
what is 1/5 MMT
muscle contraction seen or felt
what is 2/5 MMT
movement with gravity eliminated
dermatome for ring and little fingers
C8
