Neuromuscular Part Five Flashcards
what is an “incomplete” SCI
they have motor OR sensory preserved below level of injury
heterotopic bone changes (late stage) can lead to…
ankylosing joints
quadriplegia injury occurs between what nerve roots
C1-C8
for SCIs, selective stretching should be performed.. what is an example of selective stretching
tenodesis grip
vertebrobasilar strokes commonly display ____ palsy
pseudobulbar palsy
weak hip flexors in gait lead to…
circumduction
ER with ADD
posterior lean of trunk
flexion synergy
secondary brain injury examples
hypoxic-ischemic
swelling/edema
electrolyte imbalance
in addition to musculoskeletal and neuro targets, what else should be strengthened for stroke patients
improve respiratory and oromotor function
what type of wheelchair is required for SCIs C1-C4
electric wheelchair with tilt-in-space/reclining back
a cauda equina injury is an injury below what level
L1
posterior cord syndrome: what is preserved
preservation of motor function, sense of pain, light touch
what is autonomic dysreflexia
emergency situation where a noxious stimulus precipitates a pathological autonomic reflex
what is a focal injury
contusions, lacerations, mass effect from hemorrhage and edema
common gait patterns post-stroke
Trendelenberg
scissoring
insufficient pelvic rotation during swing
“a saw-tooth P wave” best describes what thing on EKGs
atrial flutter
what wheelchair is used for SCIs C6
manual wheelchair with friction surface hand rim
what is heterotropic bone formation
abnormal bone growth in soft tissues
what is a diffuse axonal injury
disruption and tearing of axons and small blood vessels from shear-strain of angular acceleration
what should you do for someone experiencing autonomic dysreflexia
elevate head and check empty catheter
right hemisphere stroke description of patient
impulsive
quick
indifferent
poor judgement/safety
overestimating abilities
quadriplegia affects what part of the body
all four extremities and trunk
what is sympathetic storming the result of
hypothalamic stimulation of the SNS with an increase in circulating corticoids and catecholamines
scissoring gait indicates…
spastic adductors
left hemisphere stroke description of patient
slow
cautious
hesitant
insecure
what is atrial flutter
atrial tachycardia
symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia
HTN
bradycardia
headache
diaphoresis
flushing
diplopia
convulsions
for patients with right hemisphere lesions, what is a bad way to communicate
demonstrations/gestures
the rapid rate with atrial flutter does what to the ventricles
decreased filling time (= decreased amounts of blood being ejected from the heart)
what parts of the body are affected by paraplegia
LEs and trunk
for wheelchairs with propulsion aids, what muscles need to be intact for someone using it
elbow flexors, shoulder function
what wheelchair is used for SCIs C5
manual chair with propulsion aid
what type of gait pattern is used with SCI T6-T9
swing-to
what type of special intervention is good for strokes to regain movement
constraint-induced movement therapy
diaphragm innervation and nerve roots
phrenic nerve
C3-C5
paraplegia involves what nerve roots
T1-T12/L1
Sequential Recovery Stages from Stoke (ALL)
Stage 1: initial flaccidity, no voluntary movement
Stage 2: emergence of spasticity, hyperreflexia, synergies
Stage 3: voluntary movement possible, but only in synergies; strong spasticity
Stage 4: voluntary control in isolated joint movements emerging, corresponding decline of spasticity and synergies
Stage 5: increasing voluntary control out of synergy; coordination deficits present
Stage 6: control and coordination near normal
what type of AFO is required for supervised ambulation with SCIs T6-T9
KAFO bilateral
best way to communicate with someone with a right hemisphere lesion
verbal cues
anterior cord syndrome symptoms
loss of motor function
loss of pain and temperature
preservation of light touch, proprioception, position sense
best way to communicate with someone with a left hemisphere lesion
gestures
symptoms of heterotopic bone formation
soft tissue swelling
pain
erythema
specifically to respiratory training for strokes, what should be worked on
chest expansion
diaphramatic breathing
what is a “complete” SCI
no sensory or motor function below level of lesion
symptoms of sympathetic storming
alterations in level of consciousness
increased posturing
dystonia
HTN
hyperthermia
tachycardia
tachypnea
diaphoresis
agitation
for Modified Ashworth Scale, how to test elbow flexors
maximum flexion
what wheelchair is used for SCIs C8-T1
manual wheelchair with standard hand rims
primary brain injury examples
diffuse axonal injury
focal injury
coup-contracoup
generally what shoulder exercise is contraindicated for post-stroke
overhead pulleys
heterotropic bone formation AKA
ectopic bone
what is spinal shock
transient period of reflex depression and flaccidity (may last for several hours or 24 weeks)
