Newborn screening tests Flashcards

Learn how to talk in Spanish to your patients about newborn screening tests.

1
Q

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All states screen newborns for certain defects. This is an abnormality of structure, function, or metabolism present at birth.

A

Todos los estados examinan a los recién nacidos para detectar ciertos defectos. Esta es una anomalía de estructura, función o metabolismo presente al nacer.

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2
Q

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A birth defect can result in physical or mental disability, or in death in some cases. They are the leading cause of death in the first year of the baby’s life life.

A

Un defecto de nacimiento puede provocar discapacidad física o mental o, en algunos casos, muerte. Son la principal causa de muerte en el primer año de vida del bebé.

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3
Q

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Several thousand diverse birth defects have been identified.

A

Se han identificado varios miles de defectos congénitos diversos.

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4
Q

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Newborns are screened for some metabolic birth defects, which refer to chemical changes that take place within living cells.

A

A los recién nacidos se les realizan pruebas para detectar algunos defectos metabólicos congénitos, que se refieren a cambios químicos que tienen lugar dentro de las células vivas.

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5
Q

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These conditions cannot be seen in the newborn, though they can cause physical problems and mental retardation.

A

Estas condiciones no se pueden ver en el recién nacido, aunque pueden causar problemas físicos y retraso mental.

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6
Q

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Many of the tests involve taking a blood specimen from the baby before leaving the hospital.

A

Muchas de las pruebas implican tomar una muestra de sangre del bebé antes de salir del hospital.

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7
Q

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The baby’s heel is pricked to obtain some drops of blood for laboratory analysis.

A

Se pincha el talón del bebé para obtener unas gotas de sangre para análisis de laboratorio.

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8
Q

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The same blood sample can be used to screen for other disorders. It is usually sent to a state public health laboratory for testing.

A

La misma muestra de sangre se puede utilizar para detectar otros trastornos. Por lo general, se envía a un laboratorio de salud pública estatal para realizar pruebas.

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9
Q

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The results are received by the health care provider responsible for the infant’s care.

A

Los resultados los recibe el médico responsable del cuidado del bebé.

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10
Q

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare hereditary condition in which the amino acid phenylalanine is not properly metabolized.

A

La fenilcetonuria (PKU) es una afección hereditaria poco común en la que el aminoácido fenilalanina no se metaboliza adecuadamente.

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11
Q

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If remains untreated, PKU causes severe mental retardation.

A

Si no se trata, la PKU provoca un retraso mental grave.

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12
Q

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Babies with this disorder aren’t able to process a substance called phenylalanine, which is found in almost all food.

A

Los bebés con este trastorno no pueden procesar una sustancia llamada fenilalanina, que se encuentra en casi todos los alimentos.

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13
Q

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Without treatment, phenylalanine is built up in the bloodstream and may cause brain damage and mental retardation.

A

Sin tratamiento, la fenilalanina se acumula en el torrente sanguíneo y puede causar daño cerebral y retraso mental.

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14
Q

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When PKU is detected at an early age, mental retardation can be prevented by keeping a special diet for the child.

A

Cuando se detecta PKU a una edad temprana, el retraso mental se puede prevenir manteniendo una dieta especial para el niño.

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15
Q

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Alongside all states and U. S. territories newborns are screened for PKU.

A

En todos los estados y territorios de EE. UU. los recién nacidos son examinados para detectar PKU.

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16
Q

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Hypothyroidism refers to the thyroid gland that doesn’t produce an adequate amount of thyroid hormone.

A

El hipotiroidismo se refiere a la glándula tiroides que no produce una cantidad adecuada de hormona tiroidea.

17
Q

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Babies with hypothyroidism have a hormone deficiency which delays growth and brain development.

A

Los bebés con hipotiroidismo tienen una deficiencia hormonal que retrasa el crecimiento y el desarrollo del cerebro.

18
Q

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A baby may be treated with oral doses of the hormone to permit normal development if detected in time.

A

Un bebé puede ser tratado con dosis orales de la hormona para permitir un desarrollo normal si se detecta a tiempo.

19
Q

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Screen for hypothyroidism is done in all states and U.S territories.

A

La prueba de detección de hipotiroidismo se realiza en todos los estados y territorios de EE. UU.

20
Q

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Galactosemia is the inability of the body to use (metabolize) the simple sugar galactose, which is an inherited disorder.

A

La galactosemia es la incapacidad del cuerpo para utilizar (metabolizar) el azúcar simple galactosa, que es un trastorno hereditario.

21
Q

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Babies with galactosemia cannot convert galactose, a sugar present in milk into glucose, a sugar used as energy source.

A

Los bebés con galactosemia no pueden convertir la galactosa, un azúcar presente en la leche, en glucosa, un azúcar utilizado como fuente de energía.

22
Q

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Galactosemia may cause death in infancy, blindness, or mental retardation.

A

La galactosemia puede provocar la muerte del bebé, ceguera o retraso mental.

23
Q

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The treatment for galactosemia is to cut out milk and all other dairy products from the baby’s diet.

A

El tratamiento para la galactosemia consiste en eliminar la leche y todos los demás productos lácteos de la dieta del bebé.

24
Q

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Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease that involves the red blood cells becoming crescent-shaped.

A

La anemia falciforme es una enfermedad hereditaria en la que los glóbulos rojos adquieren forma de media luna.

25
Q

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As a result, they function inadequately causing small blood clots.

A

Como resultado, funcionan de forma inadecuada y provocan pequeños coágulos de sangre.

26
Q

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Vital organs such as the lungs, kidneys and brain are affected by sickle cell anemia that causes bouts of pain, and damage.

A

Los órganos vitales como los pulmones, los riñones y el cerebro se ven afectados por la anemia falciforme que causa ataques de dolor y daño.

27
Q

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Some of the complications of sickle cell anemia can be prevented by early treatment.

A

Algunas de las complicaciones de la anemia falciforme se pueden prevenir con un tratamiento temprano.

28
Q

Detecting hearing loss early enables the baby to receive hearing aids before reaching six months of age.

A

La detección temprana de la pérdida auditiva permite que el bebé reciba audífonos antes de cumplir los seis meses de edad.

29
Q

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This early intervention prevents serious speech and language problems.

A

Esta intervención temprana previene problemas graves del habla y el lenguaje.

30
Q

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Find out which tests are regularly done by asking your doctor or state health department.

A

Descubra qué pruebas se realizan periódicamente preguntándole a su médico o al departamento de salud estatal.