Viruses/Fungi 6 Flashcards

1
Q

lyme disease comes from this

A

tick-borne spirochete bacteria

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2
Q

How many stages of lyme disease?

A

4

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3
Q

Lyme disease: stage 1

A

flu-like symptoms

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4
Q

Lyme disease: stage 2

A

disseminated infection that may include:

  • aseptic meningitis
  • stiff neck
  • mentation problems
  • cranial neuropathies
  • radiculopathies
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5
Q

Lyme disease: stage 3

A

late persistent infections

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6
Q

What happens if lyme disease is untreated?

A

6% of those infected can have erosions or permanent joint abnormalities

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7
Q

Lyme disease: stage 4

A

post-infection syndromes that resemble fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome

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8
Q

What is CD4+?

A

T-helper lymphocytes

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9
Q

This type of HIV is less likely to progress to AIDS

A

HIV-2

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10
Q

What is HIV regarded as (disorder type)

A

degenerative neuromuscular

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11
Q

When CD4+ gets below ____, body can’t combat what it needs to and you get full blown AIDS

A

100

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12
Q

HIV drugs: what do they target?

A
  • viral replication
  • different points of HIV proliferation

*often inhibit enzymes

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13
Q

Types of HIV drugs

A
  • nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
  • nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
  • HIV protease inhibitors
  • HIV entry inhibitors
  • integrase inhibitors
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14
Q

example of an NRTI

A

Zidovudine (retrovir)

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15
Q

What does retrovir do?

A

inhibitors reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes DNA from RNA

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16
Q

What do NNRTIs do?

A

inhibit the active site of an enzyme

17
Q

Which drugs are HIV protease inhibitors?

A

-avir drugs

18
Q

What are integrase inhibitors?

A

prevent HIV from integrating genetic code into host DNA

19
Q

primary drug strategy for HIV

A

HAART

20
Q

HAART =

A

high active antiretroviral therapy

combined approach of multiple drugs

21
Q

What is the problem with HAART?

A
  • no drug can kill HIV
  • can’t reduce viral load in 20% of patients
  • long term compliance
  • viral resistance
22
Q

What must happen with HAART to maintain a functional immune system?

A

promotion of t-lymphocyte survival