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8501 Clin Med > Viruses/Fungi 5 > Flashcards

Viruses/Fungi 5 Flashcards

1
Q

STI prevalence

A

~ 56 million (1 in 4) carry an STI other than HIV

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2
Q

causes of STIs

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • parasites
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3
Q

How are STIs spread?

A
  • shared drug paraphernalia

- sexual contact

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4
Q

Implications for healthcare workers: STIs

A

contact precautions

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5
Q

What are the drugs that treat HSV I and II?

A
  • Acyclovir
  • Valacyclovir
  • Penciclovir
  • Docosanol
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6
Q

Docosanol aka

A

Abreva

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7
Q

Valacyclovir aka

A

Valtrex

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8
Q

How does Abreva work?

A
  • acts on host cells so that viral adsorption is inhibited

- doesn’t act on virus

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9
Q

When should Abreva be used?

A
  • as early as possible

- before virus can replicate

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10
Q

Adverse effects of Abreva?

A
  • HA

- local irritation

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11
Q

topical meds for HSV

A
  • Abreva (docosanol)

- penciclovir (denavir)

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12
Q

topical administration of HSV drugs

A
  • cutaneous infections

- mucosal infections

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13
Q

Oral/IV administration: Valacyclovir

A
  • taken orally for better absorption

- converts to acyclovir in the bloodstream

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14
Q

Valacyclovir is a prodrug of

A

acyclovir

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15
Q

What are some systemic adverse effects of oral/IV drugs for HSV?

A
  • HA
  • dizziness
  • GI issues
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16
Q

What are some of the influenza A drugs? How are they administered?

A
  • Amantadine
  • Rimantadine

orally

17
Q

Amantadine =

A

Symmetrel

18
Q

Rimantadine =

A

Flumadine

19
Q

In addition to flu, Amantadine is also useful for these

A
  • motor abnormalities of Parkinsons

- possibly blocks excitatory NT in BG

20
Q

Effectiveness of influenza A drugs

A
  • can be 70-90% effective in preventing influenza A if used prophylactically
  • can lessen effects of infection if given when symptoms first appear
21
Q

adverse effects of influenza A meds

A
  • CNS symptoms

- seizures with overdoses

22
Q

CNS issues with influenza A drugs

A
  • confusion
  • loss of concentration
  • lightheadedness
  • mood changes
23
Q

What can occur with AIDS? (herpesviruses)

A

CMV retinitis

24
Q

Drugs that treat CMV retinitis? How are they administered?

A
  • Cidofovir

- IV

25
Q

CMV retinitis drugs: What are some adverse effects?

A
  • nephrotoxic

- neutropenia

26
Q

How does neutropenia happen with CMV drugs?

A

decreased neutrophilic leukocytes

27
Q

Signs of neutropenia

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • sore throat
28
Q

What are some GI side effects of neutropenia?

A
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • anorexia
29
Q

Drugs for RNA and DNA viruses

A

Ribavirin

30
Q

Ribavirin =

A

Virazole

31
Q

What does ribavarin treat?

A

respiratory synctial virus (RSV)

32
Q

What is RSV?

A

causes severe pneumonia

33
Q

Who gets RSV?

A
  • infants
  • young children
  • elderly
  • immunosuppressed
34
Q

How is Ribavirin administered?

A

aerosol inhalation

35
Q

Adverse effects of Ribavirin

A

very few

8501 Clin Med (102 decks)

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