Viruses/Fungi 5 Flashcards
STI prevalence
~ 56 million (1 in 4) carry an STI other than HIV
causes of STIs
- bacteria
- viruses
- parasites
How are STIs spread?
- shared drug paraphernalia
- sexual contact
Implications for healthcare workers: STIs
contact precautions
What are the drugs that treat HSV I and II?
- Acyclovir
- Valacyclovir
- Penciclovir
- Docosanol
Docosanol aka
Abreva
Valacyclovir aka
Valtrex
How does Abreva work?
- acts on host cells so that viral adsorption is inhibited
- doesn’t act on virus
When should Abreva be used?
- as early as possible
- before virus can replicate
Adverse effects of Abreva?
- HA
- local irritation
topical meds for HSV
- Abreva (docosanol)
- penciclovir (denavir)
topical administration of HSV drugs
- cutaneous infections
- mucosal infections
Oral/IV administration: Valacyclovir
- taken orally for better absorption
- converts to acyclovir in the bloodstream
Valacyclovir is a prodrug of
acyclovir
What are some systemic adverse effects of oral/IV drugs for HSV?
- HA
- dizziness
- GI issues
What are some of the influenza A drugs? How are they administered?
- Amantadine
- Rimantadine
orally
Amantadine =
Symmetrel
Rimantadine =
Flumadine
In addition to flu, Amantadine is also useful for these
- motor abnormalities of Parkinsons
- possibly blocks excitatory NT in BG
Effectiveness of influenza A drugs
- can be 70-90% effective in preventing influenza A if used prophylactically
- can lessen effects of infection if given when symptoms first appear
adverse effects of influenza A meds
- CNS symptoms
- seizures with overdoses
CNS issues with influenza A drugs
- confusion
- loss of concentration
- lightheadedness
- mood changes
What can occur with AIDS? (herpesviruses)
CMV retinitis
Drugs that treat CMV retinitis? How are they administered?
- Cidofovir
- IV
CMV retinitis drugs: What are some adverse effects?
- nephrotoxic
- neutropenia
How does neutropenia happen with CMV drugs?
decreased neutrophilic leukocytes
Signs of neutropenia
- fever
- chills
- sore throat
What are some GI side effects of neutropenia?
- nausea
- diarrhea
- anorexia
Drugs for RNA and DNA viruses
Ribavirin
Ribavirin =
Virazole
What does ribavarin treat?
respiratory synctial virus (RSV)
What is RSV?
causes severe pneumonia
Who gets RSV?
- infants
- young children
- elderly
- immunosuppressed
How is Ribavirin administered?
aerosol inhalation
Adverse effects of Ribavirin
very few
