9.19 Injury, Inflammation, Healing 2 Flashcards
Both acute and chronic cell injury can be
reversible
impaired cell function and ion content for an acute reversible injury with sublethal stimulus
- increased ion content (Na+ and Ca2+)
- cell swells due to fluid retention
blebs
plasma membrane seals off and detaches
If this survives, the cell can recover
nucleus
What are the typical ways a cell adapts?
- atrophy
- hypertrophy
- hyperplasia
- metaplasia
- dysplasia
Chronic adaptation allows the body to
survive in an altered environment and avoid injury
What do intracellular accumulations do?
alter cell function
What types of things can accumulate in cells?
- lipids
- proteins
- carbs
- pigment
example of an intracellular accumulation
hepatocytes
hepatocytes are often seen in
fatty liver with alcohol abuse
Irreversible injury leads to
cell death
apoptosis
programmed cell death
necrosis
end point of degradation of cells
What are the 3 types of necrosis?
- dry gangrene
- wet gangrene
- gas gangrene
dry gangrene
- bacterial infection
- ischemia
wet gangrene
liquefactive tissue
gas gangrene
fermentation forms gas bubbles
What are the irreversible cell injury types?
- apoptosis
- necrosis
- calcification
examples of calcification
- atherosclerosis
- TB (granulomas)
- calcific tendonitis
etc.
Dry vs. wet gangrene: infection?
- dry: no
- wet: yes
Dry vs. wet gangrene: tissue liquefaction?
- dry: no
- wet: copious
How does wet gangrene develop?
Usually develops rapidly due to blockage of venous and/or arterial blood flow
Early stages of dry gangrene
- dull, achy pain
- extreme ttp
- cold, dry, wrinkled
Later stages of dry gangrene
skin changes color gradually to
- dark brown
- dark purplish blue
- black
