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8501 Clin Med > 9.29 Immunity 4 > Flashcards

9.29 Immunity 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Humoral immunity is mediate by:

A

antibodies in

  • saliva
  • blood
  • vaginal secretions
  • other bodily fluids (macromolecules)
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2
Q

B cells are coated in __ and have specific receptor sites for ____

A
  • immunoglobulin

- antigen

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3
Q

Once an antigen is identified, B cells are converted into these

A

plasma, or memory B cells

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4
Q

What happens once B cells are converted to plasma or memory B cells?

A

they circulate and look for a specific antigen to attack

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5
Q

antibody produced for the PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

IgM

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6
Q

IgM is located here

A

in the vasculature

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7
Q

antibody produced for ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIVIRAL function

A

IgG

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8
Q

IgG is located here

A
  • found in blood

- ONLY antibody to cross the placenta!

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9
Q

antibody produced to protect the body’s surfaces

A

IgA

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10
Q

IgA is found here

A
  • mucus membranes

- body secretions

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11
Q

antibody produced to control activation or suppression

A

IgD

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12
Q

antibody produced for parasitic and ALLERGIC REACTIONS

A

IgE

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13
Q

How does IgE affect allergic reactions?

A

activates mast cells and histamine

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14
Q

What happens to IgG with a hemolytic disease?

A

the fetus can treat IgG as non-self invaders and break down the RBCs

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15
Q

t-cell immunity (cell mediated) protects against

A

protects host agains infection by intracellular pathogens

  • viruses
  • some bacteria
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16
Q

In addition to intracellular pathogens, cell mediated immunity is also responsible for

A
  • transplant rejection
  • contact dermatitis
  • some autoimmune diseases
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17
Q

T-cells interact with

A

a specific antigen

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18
Q

T-cells produce

A

sensitized t-cells

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19
Q

What are the sensitized T cells called?

A

helper T-cells

20
Q

What do helper T cells do?

A
  • activate macrophages and NK cells from innate immunity

- help cytotoxic T-cells destroy viruses

21
Q

What are regulatory/suppressor T-cells?

A

help prevent autoimmune disease by SUPPRESSING activation of an immune response

22
Q

What happens when a host is re-exposed?

A

secondary immune response is generated

  • memory T cells rapidly differentiate into effectors for a quicker response
  • called IMMUNOLOGIC memory
23
Q

Immunologic memory is the basis for

A

vaccination

24
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches located?

A

small intestine

25
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A
  • lymphatic tissue in the ileum that monitors intestinal bacteria
  • helps prevent growth of pathogens
26
Q

Where in the body does the immune response occur?

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • mucosa tissue (tonsils, adenoids, Peyer’s patches)
27
Q

Spleen has a major role with

A

filtration of blood

28
Q

problem with ruptured spleen

A

liver has to take over the role of blood filtration

29
Q

Overview of immune response

A
  • pathogen enters
  • innate immunity (complement system recognizes and destroys)
  • if no innate immunity available, acquired immunity must step in
30
Q

factors affecting immunity (lots)

A
  • aging
  • nutrition
  • environmental pollution
  • trauma or illness
  • meds
  • spleen fx
  • stress
  • psychosocial
  • burns
  • surgery
  • socioeconomic status
  • exercise
31
Q

effect of exercise on immunity

A

can enhance or suppress depending on the intensity

32
Q

With this type of exercise, immunity is enhanced

A

moderate exercise

33
Q

How is immunity enhanced by moderate exercise?

A
  • can prevent effects of stress
  • increases phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages
  • NK enhancement
34
Q

What happens to immunity after intense/long duration exercise?

A

immunity is impaired immediately following

35
Q

How is immunity impaired following intense/long duration exercise?

A

NK cells and cytolytic activity declines but only briefly

36
Q

Brisk exercise increases WBC in proportion to ______, then does this

A
  • effort

- decreases below normal for several hours after intense exercise

37
Q

Strenuous exercise (minimum 80% VO2max) can evoke

A

acute phase response (innate immunity)

38
Q

Regular exercise/acute bout of exercise MAY give some protection against

A

chronic systemic low-grade inflammation

39
Q

intense exercise and older people

A
  • may be detrimental

- BUT a lifetime of MODERATE exercise and activity are positive

40
Q

How long do aged adults need to recover from acute effects of severe exercise?

A

6-24 hours

41
Q

“severe” exercise

A

perceived intensity is critical and differs with each individual

42
Q

Exercise can delay

A

apoptosis

43
Q

Accelerated apoptosis is seen with this disease

A

Alzheimer’s

44
Q

When should strenuous exercise be avoided?

A

during an infectious episode

45
Q

What is different about post workout with older adults and younger people?

A

older adults: immune system isn’t being suppressed right after a moderate workout like their younger counterparts

46
Q

What is the neck check?

A

if you have symptoms above the neck, stop and consider whether you should exercise

At half the intensity after 10 mins:

  • if symptoms are better, can ramp up to full intensity and feel fine
  • If symptoms are the same or worse, you may want to completely stop exercise

8501 Clin Med (102 decks)

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