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8501 Clin Med > 9.29 Immunity 2 > Flashcards

9.29 Immunity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are external defenses associated with innate immunity?

A
  • physical barriers

- chemical barriers

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2
Q

innate immunity: examples of physical barriers

A
  • SKIN
  • mucus
  • cilia
  • coughing
  • sneezing
  • peristalsis
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3
Q

innate immunity: examples of chemical barriers

A
  • tears
  • saliva
  • nasal secretions
  • ear wax
  • nasal hair
  • stomach acid
  • other bodily secretions
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4
Q

internal defenses are classified as:

A
  • soluble factors

- cellular components

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5
Q

What are the soluble factors of internal immunity?

A
  • complement system
  • cytokines
  • chemokines
  • acute phase proteins
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6
Q

What are the cellular components of internal immunity?

A
  • neutrophils
  • monocytes/macrophages
  • NK cells
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7
Q

How do the internal defenses of innate immunity recognize pathogens?

A

recognize repeating patterns of molecular structure common to certain pathogens (PAMP)

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8
Q

What are PAMPs?

A

Pathogen
Associated
Molecular
Patterns

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9
Q

PAMPs are limited in

A

variability

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10
Q

readily ingest and kill pathogens to protect the body against infection

A

phagocytes

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11
Q

What are the primary phagocytes of internal defenses?

A
  • neutrophils

- monocytes/macrophages

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12
Q

Where do phagocytes come from?

A

emigrate from the blood into tissues where infection is located

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13
Q

Each phagocyte has a specific _______

A

effector function

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14
Q

What are the phagocytic leukocytes in INNATE immunity?

A
  • neutrophils
  • monocytes/macrophages
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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15
Q

Which of the leukocytes are not associated with innate immunity?

A

lymphocytes

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16
Q

Why are lymphocytes not associated with innate immunity?

A

They are the B and T cells associated with adaptive immunity

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17
Q

Where are neutrophils produced?

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

When do neutrophils die?

A
  • after phagocytosis

- accumulation of dead debris forms pus

19
Q

Neutrophils are the predominant ____ in peripheral blood and increase dramatically with ____ and _____

A
  • WBC
  • infection
  • inflammation
20
Q

Monocytes mature into

A

macrophages

21
Q

What do monocytes do?

A
  • filter debris produced by neutrophils

- kill damaged bacteria that was too large for the neutrophils

22
Q

Where are eosinophils produced?

A

bone marrow

23
Q

How do eosinophils kill organisms?

A

release contents of granules to kill organisms

24
Q

Where are eosinophils commonly seen?

A
  • allergic responses

- parasitic infections

25
Q

the “-phils” are all called

A

granulocytes (they have a granular appearance)

26
Q

Basophils are found here

A

stem cells

27
Q

Basophils contain ____ and work with _______

A
  • histamine

- mast cells

28
Q

Basophils have a major role in

A

allergic responses

29
Q

The acute phase response occurs when high levels of these are produced

A

pro-inflammatory cytokines

30
Q

acute phase response: systemic effects

A
  • fever
  • blood vessel occlusion
  • mobilization of energy from muscle and fat stores
31
Q

What is produced during the acute phase response

A

proteins (i.e. fibrinogen, CRP, mannose binding)

32
Q

What is the most important protein produced in the acute phase response?

A

C-reactive protein (CRP)

present in high numbers with a systemic inflammatory response

33
Q

Where is CRP produced?

A

liver

34
Q

What is the complement system?

A

30 proteins that interact in a cascade and aggregate to damage the membranes of microbial cells

35
Q

the complement system facilitates movement of leukocytes to the area via ____

A

chemotaxis

36
Q

How do the leukocytes make a pathogen vulnerable to phagocytosis?

A
  • coats the surface

- formation of a cyst or tubercle walling off infection from the body

37
Q

MAC =

A

membrane attack complex

38
Q

What does the MAC do?

A
  • creates a pore in the cell of antigen to allow Na+ and fluid to enter
  • leads to cell lysis
39
Q

What class are NK cells?

A

large lymphocytes, but distinct from T and B cells

40
Q

function of NK cells

A

kill cells infected with viruses and other pathogens as well as tumor cells

41
Q

How do NK cells work?

A

express activating and inhibitory receptors on their surfaces that interact with ligands on the target cell

decide whether to detach and move on or stay and fight

42
Q

What is the role of erythrocytes and platelets in the immune response?

A

clearance of immune complexes

43
Q

Erythrocytes and platelets interact with this system

A

complement system

8501 Clin Med (102 decks)

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