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8501 Clin Med > Pharm 1 > Flashcards

Pharm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the categories of sedative-hypnotic drugs?

A
  • benzodiazepines

- non-benzodiazepines

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2
Q

How do benzodiazepines help pts relax?

A

by boosting GABA

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3
Q

Two big issues with benzos

A
  • potentially addicting

- residual effects the next day

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4
Q

benzodiazepines and addiction

A

tolerance builds to dependence

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5
Q

What residual effects are often seen with benzodiazepines the next day?

A
  • drowsiness

- decreased motor performance

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6
Q

Name 2 examples of benzos

A
  • Trizolam (Halcion)

- Temazepam (Restoril)

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7
Q

Barbiturates are (categories)

A
  • sedative-hypnotic drugs

- non-benzodiazepines

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8
Q

What is the sedative-hypnotic component of barbiturates?

A

barbituric acid

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9
Q

barbiturates: MOA

A
  • unclear

- can produce general anesthesia and neuronal excitability in brain and SC

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10
Q

Why are barbiturates potentially very dangerous?

A
  • very small TI
  • just 10x therapeutic dose can be fatal
  • very addicting
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11
Q

Name 3 examples of barbiturates

A
  • Phenobarbital (Luminal)
  • Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
  • Secobarbital (Seconal)
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12
Q

How are sedative-hyponotics (non-benzos) and benzos similar/different (binding)?

A
  • both bind to GABA

- chemically different from benzos

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13
Q

Why might sedative-hypnotics (non-benzos)

A
  • less risk
  • shorter duration
  • less “hangover” next day
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14
Q

What are sedative-hypnotic drugs often prescribed as?

A

sleep aids

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15
Q

What are 3 examples of non-benzodiazepines commonly prescribed for sleep?

A
  • Ambien
  • Sonata
  • Lunesta
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16
Q

Which non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug is similar to melatonin?

A

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

17
Q

Why might Rozerem be chosen over melatonin for sleep?

A
  • structure and function are similar to melatonin
  • less risk
  • better for long term insomnia
18
Q

Which non-benzo is often associated with sleep-walking/driving

A

Ambien

19
Q

In the category of “other” non-benzodiazepines, how do they promote relaxation and sleep?

A

via CNS depression

20
Q

examples of some of the “other” non-benzodiazepines

A
  • ETOH

- antihistamines (OTC “sleep aids”)

21
Q

What other types of drugs can be used in limited situations to promote sleep?

A
  • antidepressants
  • anticonvulsants
  • opioid analgesics
22
Q

What are some adverse effects of sedative-hypnotics?

A
  • anterograde amnesia
  • sedative “hangover” in cognitive and motor function
  • tolerance and physical dependence
  • sleep-walking/driving

8501 Clin Med (102 decks)

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