9.29 Immunity 1 Flashcards
Immunology is the study of:
- the physiologic mechanisms that allow the body to differentiate between self and non-self
AND
- how it reacts when the non-self components are encountered
What does immunity protect the body from?
- infection
- disease
What does failure of immunity result in?
localized or systemic infection or disease
effective immunity =
resistance
What does effective immunity/resistance require?
molecules, cells, and tissues have to work together through various mechanisms to “protect this house!”
Goals of immunity
- prevent infection entirely
OR
- limit the spread of a pathogen
immunity: translation of initial recognition to responses
each response is:
specific to the pathogen
The way the immune system educates itself for if the invader returns again is called
immunologic memory
innate immunity:
types of barriers
- physical
- cellular
- chemical
What are the types of immunity?
- innate
- adaptive/acquired
Where does innate immunity come from?
natural, born with it
Innate immunity helps to mediate the development of _______
adaptive immunity
innate immunity: memory?
NO memory is created with innate immunity
What is the function of innate immunity?
- body’s first line of defense to prevent the entry of pathogens
- CAPABLE OF RESOLVING MOST THREATS!
What does adaptive/acquired immunity have?
- specificity
- memory
adaptive/acquired immunity: specificity
recognize and destroy foreign objects while preventing proliferation
adaptive/acquired immunity: memory
If the same invader enters the body, the response is ready with a more rapid and stronger rxn
Types of adaptive immunity
- active immunity
- passive immunity
active immunity: How is protection gained?
by introduction (either naturally or artificially) of an antigen
What is an antigen?
molecule that binds specifically to an antibody
example of active immunity
immunizations
How long do immunizations last?
either last a lifetime or require a booster
What is passive immunity?
- antibodies transferred from an immune person to a non-immune person
- i.e. mother to fetus, mother to infant via breast milk
passive immunity: permanent or temporary?
temporary
How do B and T cells work?
Work together to try to be more specific with fighting a threat
NK cells
natural killer cells
