Infectious Disease 5 Flashcards
Specific types of bacterial diseases
- Clostridium dificile
- Staphylococcal infections
- Group A streptococci
- Group B streptococci
- Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)
- Pseudomonas aeroginosa
prevalence of clostridium dificile
~200/100,000 people
Why is clostridium dificile more prevalent in hospitals?
high rate of antibiotic use in hospitals
transmission of c-diff
- fecal-oral
- contaminated environment
c-diff and alcohol based hand sanitizers
not effective
What increases the risk of a c-diff infection?
- age
- GERD tx
GERD tx
- H2 receptor blocker
- proton pump inhibitors
How does a c-diff infection happen in the body?
overgrowth of c-diff bacteria when other intestinal flora are destroyed
tx for c-diff
- fecal transplants
- Flagyl
Flagyl is effective against these types of bacteria
anaerobic
Examples of staphylococcal infections
- S. aureus
- S. epidermis
Staphylococcal infections are spread via
- direct contact
- multiple predisposing factors
results of a staphylococcal infection
- infection
- suppuration
- abscess
- infective syndromes
tx for MRSA, VISA
vancomycin
tx for VRSA
- daptomycin
- linezolid
Examples of group A streptococci
- GAS
- S. pyogenes
group A streptococci spread by
- droplets
- direct contact
Group A streptococci include multiple diseases such as:
necrotizing fasciitis
Example of a group B streptococci
S. agalactiae
leading causes of group B streptococci infections
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- sepsis
Group B streptococci and women
- part of normal vaginal flora
- found in 30% of women
tx of gas gangrene (aka clostridial myonecrosis)
- debridement and excision of necrotic tissue
- IV antibiotics
- possible HBO therapy
Major opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common nosocomial infections
pseudomonas aeruginosa
How is pseudomonas spread?
- contact
- not common in community-acquired infections
