Screening 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 types of erythrocytes disorders we talked about (broad)?
- anemia
- polycythemia
- sickle cell anemia
What type of disorder is anemia?
- NOT a disease
- sx of different blood disorders
Anemia is a reduction in
Oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
What does reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood come from?
Abnormality in quantity or quality of erythrocytes
Where do we often see too few erythrocytes?
- iron deficiency, chronic GI blood loss due to NSAIDs
- chronic diseases
- inflammatory diseases
- neuro diseases
- infectious diseases
- neoplasticism diseases
What chronic diseases do we often see too few erythrocytes in?
- cancer
- kidney
- liver
Which inflammatory diseases do we see too few erythrocytes in?
- RA
- SLE
What neuro dz do we see too few erythrocytes in?
Pernicious anemia
What infectious dz do we see too few erythrocytes in?
- TB
- AIDS
What types of s/s will be seen with anemia?
- skin changes
- fatigue and listlessness
- dyspnea on exertion
- chest pain with minimal exertion
- decreased diastolic BP
- CNS manifestations (pernicious anemia)
With anemia, dyspnea with exertion will be accompanied with this in more severe cases
Heart palpitations
Skin changes often seen with anemia
- pallor
- jaundice
Anemia: highly variable sx depending on
Rate of developing anemia
Anemia: look for this with skin and fingernails
- look for pale palms with normal colored creases
- observe hands at level of client’s heart
- hands should be warm
Anemia: If hands are not warm, what is paleness likely due to?
Vasoconstriction
Anemia: pallor assessed in dark-skinned pts
Seen via absence of underlying red tones
Assessing for anemia: exercise tolerance
Diminished
Anemia will decrease exercise tolerance and may impair _________
Oxygenation
Exercise and anemia: older adults should be monitored for:
- circulation issues
- changes in cognitive function with exercise
Older adults and anemia: sedentary lifestyle may actually be a result of
Self-imposed changes to accommodate diminished oxygenation or anemia
As anemia becomes severe, may see an increase in cardiac output and decrease in exercise tolerance, resulting in:
- dyspnea
- tachycardia
- palpitations
Young females and anemia
- Young, female athletes at increased risk for anemia and iron deficiency
- may also have inadequate dietary intake
CRF
Chronic renal failure
What precautions should be taken with pts who have chronic renal failure?
- should exercise at lower intensities
- VO2 max is about 20% lower than normal
Pts with anemia and cardiovascular disease at a higher risk for
Angina
Anemia impairs
Wound healing
