Autoimmune Disorders: Hypersensitivity

Question 1

What causes hypersensitivity disorders?

Answer 1

Exaggerated or inappropriate immune response

Question 2

What is an allergen?

Answer 2

allergic response to an antigen

Question 3

Tissue destruction: immune response vs. allergen

Answer 3

Tissue destruction from an immune response is more than what it would be from an allergen

Question 4

How many general categories and types of hypersensitivity disorders are there?

Answer 4

• 2 general categories

- 4 types

Question 5

What are the categories of hypersensitivity disorders based upon?

Answer 5

rapidity of immune response

Question 6

What are the categories of hypersensitivity disorders?

Answer 6

• immediate

- delayed

Question 7

What are the types of hypersensitivity disorders?

Answer 7

I-IV

Question 8

Hypersensitivity Type I

Answer 8

allergies

Question 9

Hypersensitivity Type II

Answer 9

cytolytic or cytotoxic

Question 10

Hypersensitivity Type III

Answer 10

immune complex

Question 11

Hypersensitivity Type IV

Answer 11

cell mediated or delayed

Question 12

Hypersensitivity Type I (allergies) clinical s/s

Answer 12

• varies

- ask client about their specifics

Question 13

Hypersensitivity Type I: What is an allergy?

Answer 13

abn hypersensitivity from allergen introduction to body

Question 14

Hypersensitivity Type I: How does the body fight allergies?

Answer 14

produces a special antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Question 15

antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) breaks down these:

Answer 15

• mast cells

- mast cell mediators (histamine)

Question 16

What is atopy?

Answer 16

genetic predisposition to produce large quantities of IgE

Question 17

What is the result of large quantities of IgE?

Answer 17

results in development of typical s/s of allergies

Question 18

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 18

systemic manifestation of immediate hypersensitivity

Question 19

What are the results of activation and breakdown of mast cells?

Answer 19

• vasodilation
• increased capillary permeability
• fluid loss into interstitial space

Question 20

Clinical presentation of anaphylaxis

Answer 20

• bronchospasms
• hives
• anaphylactic shock

Question 21

These s/s of anaphylaxis require immediate emergency response

Answer 21

• vocal hoarseness
• difficulty breathing
• chest discomfort

Question 22

What are the causes of Hypersensitivity Type II (cytolytic or cytotoxic) disorders?

Answer 22

1. production of autoantibodies against self cells that have a foreign protein attached
2. autoantibody binds to altered self cells

Question 23

The complex of autoantibodies that binds to altered self cells in hypersensitivity type II disorders is destroyed by the

Answer 23

immune system

Question 24

What are some examples of Hypersensitivity Type II disorders?

Answer 24

• anemia
• idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• hemolytic disease in newborns

Question 25

Clinical s/s of Hypersensitivity Type II disorders

Answer 25

• HA
• flank pain
• chest pain
• N/V
• tachycardia and hypotension
• hematuria
• urticaria

Question 26

What is urticaria?

Answer 26

hives

Question 27

What is the cause of Hypersensitivity Type III disorders?

Answer 27

formation or deposition of ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES in tissues

Question 28

Examples of Hypersensitivity Type III disorders

Answer 28

• RA

- serum sickness

Question 29

Clinical s/s of Hypersensitivity Type III disorders

Answer 29

• fever
• arthralgias
• synovitis
• lymphadenopathy
• urticaria
• visceral inflammation

Question 30

When do hypersensitivity type IV (cell mediated or delayed) occur?

Answer 30

24-72 hours after allergen exposure

Question 31

Examples of hypersensitivity type IV disorders

Answer 31

• injection of TB antigen
• graft vs. host disease
• transplant rejection
• contact dermatitis

Question 32

Clinical s/s of hypersensitivity type IV disorders

Answer 32

• itching
• erythema
• vesicular skin lesions