UWSA2 Flashcards
what drugs may lead to a false negative on h pylori breath testing?
-PPIs, some antibiotics, bismuth
what is job syndrome ?
AKA hyperigE syndrome. Immunodeficiency that causes reccurrent skin and lung infections and is characterized by high levels of igE
which DNA polymerase has the ability to remove primer and replace it with dna?
DNA pol I
mismatch repair gene mutatios are associated with which cancers?
endometrial, ovarian, colon
if someone has ischemic tissue, what ion is increased in the extracellular space?
K+ - due to Na/K ATPase dysfunction -> Na rushes into the cells and K goes out
what is the shake test and how does it indicate lung maturity?
amniotic fluid is added to wells with ethanol. They are shaken and foam appears. The well with the greatest amount of foam is used to predict the amount of surfactant in the fetus’s lungs.
can water soluble molecules cross the placenta?
no
why is heparin safe in pregnancy?
its water soluble - cannot cross placenta
why is warfarin not safe in pregnancy?
its lipid soluble - can cross placenta
what is deficient in mcardle disease?
muscle glycogen phosphorylase
patients with parinaud syndrome usually have which palsy?
an upward gaze palsy
how does a liver with end stage cirhosis appear?
biopsy will show large spherical nodules within confines of fibrous septae
which cells are found in the nodules seen in liver cirhosis?
hepatocytes
what is the site of action of macrolides?
50s subunit of ribosomes
what causes splenic sequesteration crisis in sickle cell anemia patients??
sickled red blood cells get trapped in the spleen
findings in splenic sequesteration crisis?
- acute drop in hemoglobin
- fatigue/pallor
- splenomegaly with pain
- thrombocytopenia possible (Due to platelet trapping in spleen)
- reticulocytosis
why do sickle cell patients usually get splenic sequesteration crisis in early childhood?
the spleen is not fibrotic yet so this is still possible
how may splenic sequesteration crisis lead to death?
through hypovolemic shock - needs rapid treatment wth transfusion
how does someone on dopamine antagonists develop tardive dyskinesia?
long term blockage of the dopamine receptors in the nigostriatal pathway leads to upregulation of postsynaptic receptors
will elbow extension be intact with an midshaft humerus injury?
yes
what type of virus is adenovirus?
naked ds DNA virus’s
filtration fraction =
GFR / RBF
explain the immune pathways involved in psoriasis
In predisposed patients, antigens may stimulate antigen presentation on dendritic cells which then produce cytokines to activate T helper cells, which stimulate keratinocytes to proliferate
what causes membranous nephropathy?
immune complex deposition in the subepithelium
is memrbanous nephropathy a nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?
nephrotic
what is xerosis?
‘winter itch’ - itchy dry cracked rash that ocurrs in wintertime due to drier air
how to treat xerosis?
bathing in lukewarm water, using gentle soaps, moisturizing after bath (basically just treat dry skin)
is alanine non polar or polar?
non polar
what is the charge of lysine?
basic - + charge
increased orotic acid with increased ammonia indicates which disorder?
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
whats the difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symtpom disorder?
With illness anxiety disorder, there is excessive worry about minimal or no actual symptoms. With somatic symptom disorder, there is excess worry with at least 1 existing symptom.
inheritance of MCAD deficiency?
autosomal recessive
MOA of sacubitril?
neprylisin inhibitor - increases the concentration of ANP and BNP
where in the eye does copper build up in wilsons disease?
descemets membrane of the cornea
where is descemets membrane?
the cornea
what does the cerebellum derive from?
the rhombencephalon
leucine zipper proteins are …
transcription factors
what is the structure of a leucine zipper protein?
2 alpha helical regions with leucine residues at every 7th or so position
where are de novo pyrimidines and purines synthesize?
the cytosol - once complete they are moved to the nucleus
what conditions cause a positive psoas sign?
psoas abcess and appendicitis
is salmonella oxidase positive?
no
is salmonella H2S positive (hydrogen sulfide producing)?
yes
which induction anesthetic should be avoided in patients with septic shock and why?
etomidate- can cause adrenocortical suppression
is legionella intracellular or extracellular?
intracellular
how is tenofavir eliminated?
by the PCT cells of the kidney
what will be seen microscopically in someone with tenofavir induced kidney injury?
damage to PCT cells, and evidance of giant mitochondria (large eosinophilic inclusions)
what type of collagen is found in scars?
type I
what type of collagen is found in tendons?
type I
what type of collagen is in the nucleus pulposus?
type II
