UWSA2

Question 1

what drugs may lead to a false negative on h pylori breath testing?

Answer 1

-PPIs, some antibiotics, bismuth

Question 2

what is job syndrome ?

Answer 2

AKA hyperigE syndrome. Immunodeficiency that causes reccurrent skin and lung infections and is characterized by high levels of igE

Question 3

which DNA polymerase has the ability to remove primer and replace it with dna?

Answer 3

DNA pol I

Question 4

mismatch repair gene mutatios are associated with which cancers?

Answer 4

endometrial, ovarian, colon

Question 5

if someone has ischemic tissue, what ion is increased in the extracellular space?

Answer 5

K+ - due to Na/K ATPase dysfunction -> Na rushes into the cells and K goes out

Question 6

what is the shake test and how does it indicate lung maturity?

Answer 6

amniotic fluid is added to wells with ethanol. They are shaken and foam appears. The well with the greatest amount of foam is used to predict the amount of surfactant in the fetus’s lungs.

Question 7

can water soluble molecules cross the placenta?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

why is heparin safe in pregnancy?

Answer 8

its water soluble - cannot cross placenta

Question 9

why is warfarin not safe in pregnancy?

Answer 9

its lipid soluble - can cross placenta

Question 10

what is deficient in mcardle disease?

Answer 10

muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Question 11

patients with parinaud syndrome usually have which palsy?

Answer 11

an upward gaze palsy

Question 12

how does a liver with end stage cirhosis appear?

Answer 12

biopsy will show large spherical nodules within confines of fibrous septae

Question 13

which cells are found in the nodules seen in liver cirhosis?

Answer 13

hepatocytes

Question 14

what is the site of action of macrolides?

Answer 14

50s subunit of ribosomes

Question 15

what causes splenic sequesteration crisis in sickle cell anemia patients??

Answer 15

sickled red blood cells get trapped in the spleen

Question 16

findings in splenic sequesteration crisis?

Answer 16

• acute drop in hemoglobin
• fatigue/pallor
• splenomegaly with pain
• thrombocytopenia possible (Due to platelet trapping in spleen)
• reticulocytosis

Question 17

why do sickle cell patients usually get splenic sequesteration crisis in early childhood?

Answer 17

the spleen is not fibrotic yet so this is still possible

Question 18

how may splenic sequesteration crisis lead to death?

Answer 18

through hypovolemic shock - needs rapid treatment wth transfusion

Question 19

how does someone on dopamine antagonists develop tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 19

long term blockage of the dopamine receptors in the nigostriatal pathway leads to upregulation of postsynaptic receptors

Question 20

will elbow extension be intact with an midshaft humerus injury?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what type of virus is adenovirus?

Answer 21

naked ds DNA virus’s

Question 22

filtration fraction =

Answer 22

GFR / RBF

Question 23

explain the immune pathways involved in psoriasis

Answer 23

In predisposed patients, antigens may stimulate antigen presentation on dendritic cells which then produce cytokines to activate T helper cells, which stimulate keratinocytes to proliferate

Question 24

what causes membranous nephropathy?

Answer 24

immune complex deposition in the subepithelium

Question 25

is memrbanous nephropathy a nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?

Answer 25

nephrotic

Question 26

what is xerosis?

Answer 26

‘winter itch’ - itchy dry cracked rash that ocurrs in wintertime due to drier air

Question 27

how to treat xerosis?

Answer 27

bathing in lukewarm water, using gentle soaps, moisturizing after bath (basically just treat dry skin)

Question 28

is alanine non polar or polar?

Answer 28

non polar

Question 29

what is the charge of lysine?

Answer 29

basic - + charge

Question 30

increased orotic acid with increased ammonia indicates which disorder?

Answer 30

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

Question 31

whats the difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symtpom disorder?

Answer 31

With illness anxiety disorder, there is excessive worry about minimal or no actual symptoms. With somatic symptom disorder, there is excess worry with at least 1 existing symptom.

Question 32

inheritance of MCAD deficiency?

Answer 32

autosomal recessive

Question 33

MOA of sacubitril?

Answer 33

neprylisin inhibitor - increases the concentration of ANP and BNP

Question 34

where in the eye does copper build up in wilsons disease?

Answer 34

descemets membrane of the cornea

Question 35

where is descemets membrane?

Answer 35

the cornea

Question 36

what does the cerebellum derive from?

Answer 36

the rhombencephalon

Question 37

leucine zipper proteins are …

Answer 37

transcription factors

Question 38

what is the structure of a leucine zipper protein?

Answer 38

2 alpha helical regions with leucine residues at every 7th or so position

Question 39

where are de novo pyrimidines and purines synthesize?

Answer 39

the cytosol - once complete they are moved to the nucleus

Question 40

what conditions cause a positive psoas sign?

Answer 40

psoas abcess and appendicitis

Question 41

is salmonella oxidase positive?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

is salmonella H2S positive (hydrogen sulfide producing)?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

which induction anesthetic should be avoided in patients with septic shock and why?

Answer 43

etomidate- can cause adrenocortical suppression

Question 44

is legionella intracellular or extracellular?

Answer 44

intracellular

Question 45

how is tenofavir eliminated?

Answer 45

by the PCT cells of the kidney

Question 46

what will be seen microscopically in someone with tenofavir induced kidney injury?

Answer 46

damage to PCT cells, and evidance of giant mitochondria (large eosinophilic inclusions)

Question 47

what type of collagen is found in scars?

Answer 47

type I

Question 48

what type of collagen is found in tendons?

Answer 48

type I

Question 49

what type of collagen is in the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 49

type II