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Test reviews DEDICATED > Sun aug 9 > Flashcards

Sun aug 9 Flashcards

1
Q

treatment for SCID?

A

stem cell transplant

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2
Q

what cells are involved in type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A

-macrophages-> which present antigen to CD4 helper t cells -> helper t cells secrete cytokines to cytotoxic CD8 t cells

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3
Q

presentation of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis?

A

-arises after pathogen exposure (drug or virus) with nonblanching palpable purpura, often on the lower extremities

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4
Q

what is erythema nodosum inflamation of?

A

subcutaneous fat

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5
Q

how is propionyl coa entered into the TCA cycle?

A

-it is first converted to methylmalonyl coa, then converted to succinyl-coa which is a TCA intermediate

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6
Q

pathophys of deficiency in methylmalonyl coa mutase?

A

methylmalonyl-coa and propionic acid build up, halting glucose production leading to hypoglycemia. Ketones are released to provide energy further increasing metabolic acidosis. The buildup of organic acids also lead to inhibition of the urea cycle leading to ammonia build up.

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7
Q

presentation of methylmalonyl coa mutase deficiency?

A
  • anion gap metabolic acidosis
  • hyperammonia
  • hypoglycemia

+urine ketones

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8
Q

ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei function?

A

satiety

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9
Q

lateral hypothalamic nulcei function?

A

hunger

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10
Q

anterior hypothalamic nulcei function?

A

heat disappation (ant cooling)

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11
Q

posterior hypothalamic nulcei function?

A

converves heat

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12
Q

what are the serum calcium, PTH and phosphoris levels seen in primary osteoporosis?

A

NORMAL

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13
Q

what are the two types of saline that can be given for fluid resucscitation (in situations like hypovolemia, shock)?

A
  • 0.9% saline

- lactated ringer solution (very similar to 0.9%) - normal blood

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14
Q

when would you give 3% saline?

A

to someone with severe symptomatic hyponatremia

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15
Q

what is encoded by mecA?

A

penicillin binding protein 2A - an alternative penicillin binding protein, leading to resistance to beta lactam drugs

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16
Q

is detection of anti-strep O antibodies used to detect an acute infection?

A

no - antibodies take weeks to form. They can be used to identifiy a recent infection but not used to detect current acute infection.

17
Q

what is the active form of tamoxifen?

A

endoxifen

18
Q

how is tamoxifen activated?

A

metabolized by CYP enzymes into its active form

19
Q

what information do c fibers carry?

A

pain and temp

20
Q

MOA of poisoning from amatoxins in wild mushrooms?

A

-they block RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA

21
Q

is malonyl-coa a produce of fatty acid synthesis or degradation?

A

synthesis

22
Q

how does malonyl-coa prevent fatty acid breakdown?

A

it inhibits carnitine acyltransferase- an enzyme used in fatty acid breakdown

23
Q

is citrate in the mitochondria increased in the well fed or fasting state?

A

it is increased in the well fed state, as increased ATP prevents its breakdown. It instead we be used to synthesis fatty acids for storage.

24
Q

which enzyme of the TCA cycle needs thiamine?

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

25
Q

which sugar can enter glycolysis after the rate limiting step?

A

fructose

26
Q

galactose enters glycolysis as which substance?

A

glucose-6-phosphate

27
Q

fructos enters glycolysis as which substance?

A

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

28
Q

which step in glycolysis may RBCs bypass?

A

the direct conversion of 1,3BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate. They may convert 1,3BPG to 2,3BPG instead of generating an ATP at this step

29
Q

what are P bodies?

A

cytoplasmic processes that regulate mRNA. They may degrade it or store it for later

30
Q

superoxide dismustase purpose?

A

antioxidant enzyme

31
Q

what property makes elastin stretchy?

A

interchain cross linking of lysine

32
Q

does elastin have disulfide bridges?

A

NO thats collagen

33
Q

methionine synthase =

A

vit B12

34
Q

what cofactor is needed for conversion of glutamate to GABA?

A

B6

35
Q

What cofactor is needed for conversion of arginine to nitric oxide?

A

BH4

36
Q

what cofactor is needed for conversion of typtrophan to serotonin?

A

BH4 and B6

37
Q

what cofactor is needed for conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A

B2 and B6

Test reviews DEDICATED (70 decks)

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