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Test reviews DEDICATED > Fri Aug 7 > Flashcards

Fri Aug 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what stage of syphilis has a chancre?

A

primary

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2
Q

what stage of syphilis has a gumma?

A

tertiary

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3
Q

what stage of syphilis has condyloma lata?

A

secondary

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4
Q

what stage of syphilis has a rash?

A

secondary

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5
Q

are gummas painful?

A

no

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6
Q

when does neurosyphilis occur?

A

more commonly as a late manifestation but it can occur at any stage

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7
Q

which organism causes ecythma gangrenosum?

A

pseudomonas

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8
Q

how is the distal esophagus normally attached to the diaghram?

A

it is normally attached circumferentially via the phrenoesophageal membrane

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9
Q

what causes sliding hiatal hernias?

A

-laxicity of the phrenoesophageal membrane - usually results from repetitive stress and allows sliding of the GE junction/proximal stomach into the thoracic cavity

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10
Q

what causes paraesophageal hiatal hernias?

A

-defect in the phrenoesophageal membrane and laxicity gastrocolic and gastrosplenic ligaments

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11
Q

inheritance of fabry disease?

A

X linked

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12
Q

what enzyme is deficient in fabry disease?

A

alpha-galactosidase A -> buildup of globotriaosylceramide

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13
Q

globotriaosylceramide AKA

A

ceramide trihexidase

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14
Q

early presentations of fabry disease?

A

triad of episodic peripheral neuropathy, angiokeratomas, hypohidrosis

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15
Q

late presentations of fabry disease?

A

progressive renal failure, cardiovascular disease

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16
Q

inheritance of tay-sachs disease?

A

AR

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17
Q

which enzyme is deficiency in tay sachs

A

hexosaminidase

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18
Q

what builds up in tay sachs?

A

GM2 ganglioside

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19
Q

presentation of tay sachs disease?

A
  • cherry red spot
  • progressive neurodegeneration
  • hyperreflexia
  • lysosomes with onion skin
  • NO HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY
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20
Q

are sterile gloves used for contact precautions?

A

no - you can use nonsterile gloves for contact precations with patients

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21
Q

advantages of using propofol for anesthesia?

A

-it can be used for both induction and maintanence
-it reduces airway resistance
-

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22
Q

disadvantages of using propofol for anestheisa?

A

-may cause vasodilation resulnting in hypotension

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23
Q

advantages of using etomodate for anesthesia?

A

-hemodynamically neutral - can be used in patients with hemodynamic instability

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24
Q

disadvantages of using etomodate for anesthesia?

A

-can lead to adrenocortical suppression -shouldnt be used in patients with septic shock and only used to induce anesthesia

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25
Q

advantages of using ketamine for anesthesia?

A
  • preserves respriatory drive and has analgesic effects

- stimulates catelcholamine release which can lead to bronchodilation

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26
Q

other effects of ketamine?

A

-increases HR, myocardial contractility and cerebral blood flow

27
Q

how may the distribution of a drug differ in neonates?

A

-they have more total body water compared to adults so water soluble drugs have greater volumes of distribution and may need different dosing to be as effective

28
Q

name two types of water soluble antibiotics?

A

vancomycin, aminoglycosides

29
Q

how do neonates differ in their level of plasma proteins compared to adults?

A

they have LESS plasma proteins, thus protein bound drugs may have an increased effect leading to toxicity

30
Q

treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A
  • dantrolene or bromocriptine

- stop antipsychotics + supportive care

31
Q

normal LV pressures?

A

120/10

32
Q

normal aortic pressures?

A

120/80

33
Q

which type of muscle fibers are postural muscles?

A

type I - slow twitch

34
Q

how can you identify pseudogout on fluid aspiration?

A

RHOMBOID shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate

35
Q

when copper leaks from the liver in wilsons disease, where will it deposit?

A

basal ganglia and the cornea

36
Q

does diabetes mellitus commonly occur in wilsons disease?

A

NO - thats associated with hemochromatosis

37
Q

epithelium of the ovary?

A

simple cuboidal

38
Q

epithelium of the peritoneum?

A

simple squamous

39
Q

treatment of orotic aciduria?

A

uridine

40
Q

diagnostic weight for anorexia?

A

<18.5

41
Q

saw tooth rete ridges are characteristic of…

A

lichen planus

42
Q

5 P’s of lichen planus

A

Pruritic
Purple/pink
Polygonal papules
Plaques

43
Q

where does the greatest airway resistance occur in the lower respiratory tract?

A

medium-sized bronchioles

44
Q

how is oxalate eliminated in a healthy bowel?

A

-dietary calcium binds to dietary oxalate producing an insoluble complex that is excreted in the feces

45
Q

why is there an increased risk of oxalate kidney stones in crohns diseaes?

A

-calcium forms soap complexes with the excecss fat in the intestine, and thus cannot complex with oxalate. More oxalate is reabsorbed instead leading to an increased risk for oxalate stones

46
Q

why are non-selective beta blockers (propranolol not used for MI)?

A

they can cause bronchospasm in patients with underlying lung disease

47
Q

in watery diarhea (non-inflammatory diarrhea) what will be found in the stool?

A

NO rbcs and NO leukocytes

48
Q

in dysentary (inflammatory diarhhea) what will be found in the stool?

A

Fecal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, with our without RBCs

49
Q

medial border of femoral triangle?

A

adductor longus

50
Q

presentation of huntingtons disease?

A
  • uncontrollable jerking movements
  • dementia
  • hallucinations
  • facial movements
  • speech impairment
  • mood changes
51
Q

presentation of parkinsons disease?

A

Muscle rigidity
bradykinesia
resting tremor
postural instability

52
Q

what is the most common arythmia in someone with an infeior wall MI?

A

sinus bradycardia

53
Q

If a patient with an MI develops bradycardia what can you give them?

A

atropine

54
Q

what arythmia is adenosine useful for?

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

55
Q

which organs cannot use ketones for energy?

A
  • the liver

- RBCs

56
Q

can the brain use ketones?

A

yes

57
Q

how does ionizing radiation cause cell death to cancer cells?

A
  • DNA double stranded breaks

- produces oxygen free radials that cause cell death

58
Q

which type of radiation causes thymidine dimers?

A

non-ionizing

59
Q

what causes malignant nephrosclerosis of the kidneys?

A

hypertensive emergency

60
Q

histopathology of kidneys with malignant nephrosclerosis?

A
  • Fibrinoid necrosis-cell death and fibrin deposition in the arteriolar cell walls
  • hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis-onion skin appearance -activated platelets and injured cells release growth factors leading to concentric hyperplasia and intimal thickening
61
Q

how is chikungunya spread?

A

aedes mosquito

62
Q

what is the hallmark of chikungunya ?

A

severe joint symptoms such as polyarticular arthralgia

63
Q

most common cause of mitral stenosis?

A

previous rheumatic fever

Test reviews DEDICATED (70 decks)

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