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Test reviews DEDICATED > Monday June 6 > Flashcards

Monday June 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of collagen is in scar tissue?

A

type I collagen

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2
Q

what type of collagen is in tendons?

A

type I collagen

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3
Q

what type of collagen is in bone?

A

type I collagen

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4
Q

what type of collagen is in blood vessels?

A

type I and III collagen

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5
Q

what type of collagen is in cartilage?

A

type II collagen

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6
Q

what type of collagen is in the vitreous humour?

A

type II collagen

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7
Q

what type of collagen is in nucleus pulposus?

A

type II collagen

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8
Q

what type of collagen is in skin?

A

type III

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9
Q

what type of collagen is in the lungs?

A

typeIII

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10
Q

what type of collagen is in the bone marrow?

A

type III

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11
Q

what type of collagen is in the basement membranes?

A

type IV

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12
Q

In leukocyte adhesion deficiency, there is an absence of …

A

CD18, an antigen needed to form integrins so that leukocytes can extravasate

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13
Q

what negatively charged chemical is naturally found in mast cells?

A

heparin

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14
Q

which nerve courses superficialyl through the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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15
Q

which muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve CN XI ?

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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16
Q

how does a trapezius muscle injury present?

A

inability to left the arm above 100 degrees and drooping of the shoulder and lateral displacement of the scapula

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17
Q

explain the pathophys of myasthenia gravis?

A

autoantibodies against the postsynaptic nicotinic Ach receptors results in internalization and receptor degradation. When Ach is released, there is now a decreased end plate potential, thus the threshold is not reached, and the muscle cells do not depolarize.

18
Q

what is glycopyrrolate?

A

A selective muscarinic antagonist that can help treat AchEi side effects (diarrhea)

19
Q

which cells secrete hepcidin?

A

hepatocytes

20
Q

how does hepcidin affect iron uptake?

A

binds to ferroportin, an iron transporter, leading to internalization and thus decreasing Iron uptake from the gut

21
Q

a baby born with excess skin at the nape of the neck, a portruding tongue, weak moro reflex likely has…

A

down syndrome

22
Q

when is the onset following a blood transfusion of a delayed hemolytic reaction?

A

days to weeks

23
Q

how does a delayed hemolytic reaction to blood transfusion present?

A

Often asymptomatic - may be found via anemia with increased reticulocyte count and coombs test

24
Q

what causes delayed hemolytic reactions to blood transfusions?

A

Prior exposure to a foreig RBC antigen via pregnancy, transfusion, IV drug use, etc. resulted in initial antibody response. On reexposure, memory B cels secrete a large amount of Abs resulting in hemolysis

25
Q

the formula for specificity?

A

True negatives / (true negatives + false positives)

26
Q

what do S-100 proteins bind?

A

calcium

27
Q

What do c-Jun and c-Fos bind?

A

DNA - they are nuclear transcription factors and protooncogenes

28
Q

Other than a psoas abscess, when else may the psoas sign be present?

A

in someone who has appendicits with a retrocecal appendix (sits right on the psoas)

29
Q

what is malignant otitis externa?

A

serious infection of the ear, often seen in elderly with extreme pain, intact tympanic membrane, and granulation tissue

30
Q

what is the most common cause of malignant otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

is pseudomonas aeruginosa motile or non-motile?

A

MOTILE

32
Q

is pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase pos or neg?

A

OX POS

33
Q

how will train of four (TOF) stimulation appear when a non-depolarizing block has been used?

A

There will be a progressive decrease in each of the 4 responses (due to decreased Ach being released in time from the presynaptic nerve)

34
Q

how will train of four (TOF) stimulation appear when a depolarizing block (succinylcholine) has been used?

A

There will be two phases:
PHASE 1: the responses will be diminished but equal
PHASE 2: progressive decrease in each of the 4 responses

35
Q

is succinocholine a non depolarizing or depolaring blockdade?

A

depolarizing block

36
Q

what surface does strep viridans bind to?

A

Fibrin-platelet aggregates (damaged valves)

37
Q

how does acute retinal hemorrhage present?

A

painless, monocular visual disturbance (ranges from mild to severe), with dot and flame shaped hemorrhages.

38
Q

what is cholestyramine?

A

a bile acid resin

39
Q

what type of amino acids are found in elastin?

A

non-polar

40
Q

are the proline and lysine residues of elastin heavily hydroxylated?

A

NO - they are in collagen but not elastin

41
Q

what is kinesin?

A

microtubule associated motor protein, that moves along microtubules anteriograde

Test reviews DEDICATED (70 decks)

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