Monday June 6 Flashcards
what type of collagen is in scar tissue?
type I collagen
what type of collagen is in tendons?
type I collagen
what type of collagen is in bone?
type I collagen
what type of collagen is in blood vessels?
type I and III collagen
what type of collagen is in cartilage?
type II collagen
what type of collagen is in the vitreous humour?
type II collagen
what type of collagen is in nucleus pulposus?
type II collagen
what type of collagen is in skin?
type III
what type of collagen is in the lungs?
typeIII
what type of collagen is in the bone marrow?
type III
what type of collagen is in the basement membranes?
type IV
In leukocyte adhesion deficiency, there is an absence of …
CD18, an antigen needed to form integrins so that leukocytes can extravasate
what negatively charged chemical is naturally found in mast cells?
heparin
which nerve courses superficialyl through the posterior triangle of the neck?
The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
which muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve CN XI ?
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
how does a trapezius muscle injury present?
inability to left the arm above 100 degrees and drooping of the shoulder and lateral displacement of the scapula
explain the pathophys of myasthenia gravis?
autoantibodies against the postsynaptic nicotinic Ach receptors results in internalization and receptor degradation. When Ach is released, there is now a decreased end plate potential, thus the threshold is not reached, and the muscle cells do not depolarize.
what is glycopyrrolate?
A selective muscarinic antagonist that can help treat AchEi side effects (diarrhea)
which cells secrete hepcidin?
hepatocytes
how does hepcidin affect iron uptake?
binds to ferroportin, an iron transporter, leading to internalization and thus decreasing Iron uptake from the gut
a baby born with excess skin at the nape of the neck, a portruding tongue, weak moro reflex likely has…
down syndrome
when is the onset following a blood transfusion of a delayed hemolytic reaction?
days to weeks
how does a delayed hemolytic reaction to blood transfusion present?
Often asymptomatic - may be found via anemia with increased reticulocyte count and coombs test
what causes delayed hemolytic reactions to blood transfusions?
Prior exposure to a foreig RBC antigen via pregnancy, transfusion, IV drug use, etc. resulted in initial antibody response. On reexposure, memory B cels secrete a large amount of Abs resulting in hemolysis
the formula for specificity?
True negatives / (true negatives + false positives)
what do S-100 proteins bind?
calcium
What do c-Jun and c-Fos bind?
DNA - they are nuclear transcription factors and protooncogenes
Other than a psoas abscess, when else may the psoas sign be present?
in someone who has appendicits with a retrocecal appendix (sits right on the psoas)
what is malignant otitis externa?
serious infection of the ear, often seen in elderly with extreme pain, intact tympanic membrane, and granulation tissue
what is the most common cause of malignant otitis externa?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
is pseudomonas aeruginosa motile or non-motile?
MOTILE
is pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase pos or neg?
OX POS
how will train of four (TOF) stimulation appear when a non-depolarizing block has been used?
There will be a progressive decrease in each of the 4 responses (due to decreased Ach being released in time from the presynaptic nerve)
how will train of four (TOF) stimulation appear when a depolarizing block (succinylcholine) has been used?
There will be two phases:
PHASE 1: the responses will be diminished but equal
PHASE 2: progressive decrease in each of the 4 responses
is succinocholine a non depolarizing or depolaring blockdade?
depolarizing block
what surface does strep viridans bind to?
Fibrin-platelet aggregates (damaged valves)
how does acute retinal hemorrhage present?
painless, monocular visual disturbance (ranges from mild to severe), with dot and flame shaped hemorrhages.
what is cholestyramine?
a bile acid resin
what type of amino acids are found in elastin?
non-polar
are the proline and lysine residues of elastin heavily hydroxylated?
NO - they are in collagen but not elastin
what is kinesin?
microtubule associated motor protein, that moves along microtubules anteriograde
