fri jul 19

Question 1

major virulence factor of strep pneumonia?

Answer 1

polysacharide capsule that prevents phagocytosis

Question 2

which skin findings is associated with acute rheumatic fever?

Answer 2

erythema marginatum- faintly erythymatous circular rash with central clearing - comes and goes on trunk and extremities

Question 3

presentation of sydenhams chorea?

Answer 3

non-rhythmic movements of hands, feet and face. Often with sudden changes in voice pitch and volume

Question 4

which host conditions increase the risk of reactivation of TB?

Answer 4

• immunosuppression
• chronic kidney disease
• poorly controlled diabetes

Question 5

why is chronic kidney disease associated with increased risk of TB reactivation?

Answer 5

-its associated with impaired function of monocytes and cell mediated immunity due to the uremia and hypoalbuminia

Question 6

why is poorly controlled diabetes mellitus associatd with increased risk of TB reactivation?

Answer 6

poorly controled diabetes is associatedd with immune impairment and weakened cytokine signalling, which weakens the development and maintanence of granulomas

Question 7

hypersensitivity pneumonitis may occur in hot tub and pool workers due to inhalation of…

Answer 7

mycobacterium avium

Question 8

A drug that binds and activates GABA-A receptor increases the influx of…

Answer 8

Chloride, making the cell more approach the eq potential of chloride which is -75mV

Question 9

which type of conditioning results in a previously neutral stimulus eliciting a response after assocaition with a natural unlearned stimulus?

Answer 9

CLASSICAL conditioning

Question 10

which type of conditioning includes punishment and reinforcement?

Answer 10

OPERANT

Question 11

what will be elavated in the amniotic fluid in a fetus with neural tube defects?

Answer 11

alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase

Question 12

which nerve innervates the tensor tympani?

Answer 12

Mandibular nerve

Question 13

what is the function of the tensor tympani?

Answer 13

dampens loud sounds by tensing the tympanic membrane

Question 14

chloroquine treats which phase of malaria?

Answer 14

the erythrocyte phase (NOT the dormant phase)

Question 15

Primaquine treats which phase of malaria?

Answer 15

dormant hepatocyte phase

Question 16

Does p. falciprum have a dormant phase?

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

which types of malaria can have a dormant phase in the liver?

Answer 17

P. ovale and p. vivax

Question 18

what will be found in the stool of someone wiht a strongyloides infection?

Answer 18

Rhabditiform LARVAE in the stool. not eggs

Question 19

treatment for Strongyloides?

Answer 19

ivermectan

Question 20

what does the optic disc look like in someone with papillodema?

Answer 20

blurred margins

Question 21

MOA of anastrozole, letrozole, exemastane

Answer 21

Aromatase inhibitors that block peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen, used in ER+ breast cancer

Question 22

what is type II glycogen storage disease?

Answer 22

Pompe disease

Question 23

which enzyme is deficient in pompe disease?

Answer 23

acid alpha-glucosidase

Question 24

where does glycogen build up in pompe disease?

Answer 24

in the LYSOSOMES - specific to pompe disease

-leads to severe cardiomegaly

Question 25

which enzyme is deficient in von gierke disease?

Answer 25

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 26

which enzyme is deficient in mcArdle disease?

Answer 26

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 27

which enzyme is deficient in cori disease?

Answer 27

debranching enzyme

Question 28

what is deficient in proprionic acidemia?

Answer 28

propionyl coa carboxylase (cant break down proprionyl-coa into methylmalonyl-coa)

Question 29

which amino acids can proprionyl-coa be derived from?

Answer 29

valine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine

and odd chain FA’s