Tuesday June 30 Flashcards
what gene is mutated in autosomal recessive polycistic kidney disease?
PKHD1 which codes for fibrocystin
when is autosomal recessive polycistic kidney disease detected?
often in utero, with bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys on ultrasound
what are the findings seen in potter sequence?
flattened facies, limb deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia
which leukotrienes are commonly part of the asthma pathology?
C4, D4 and E4
name 2 leukotriene receptor antagonists
Montelukast, zafirlukast
Zileuton MOA
Inhibits 5-lipooxygenase enzyme, thus decreasing luekotriene production
what are P bodies?
P bodies are found in the cytoplasm and regulate mRNA expression/turnover -they may degrade mRNA or store it for later
what is bipolar disorder I?
Manic episodes
Depressive episodes are common but no required for diagnosis
what is bipolar disorder II?
hypomanic episodes with at least one major depressive episode
what is cyclothymic disorder?
> 2 years of fluctuating, mild hypoman and depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for manic or major depressive episodes
how does the body respond to the decrease pO2 at higher altitudes ? (2 changes)
- Peripheral chemoreceptors fire to increase ventilation
2. Erythrocytes synthesize increased 2,3,BPG, shifting the O2 dissociation curve to the right
1 - Beta =
statistical power
what does alpha represent?
the chance of making a type I error
what is a type I error?
rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true
what is a type II error?
failure to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false
What is the probability of making a type II error?
Beta
which cell plays an important role in lung abscess formation?
neutrophils
how do neutrophils form a lung abcess?
recruited and activated neutrophils release cytotoxic granules (from lysosomes) that contain digestive enzymes to kill the bacteria, but also cause liquefactive necrosis of the tissue
what is given to a women who is Rh - with an Rh + baby?
IgG anti-D antibodies in the post-partum period, as it will bind any fetal Rh + RBCs that entered the mothers blood stream and prevent immune delevopment
which type of bacteria can survive past the temperature of 100 C?
spore formers (clostridium, bacillis)
Which cofactor is involved in coverting oxaloacetate to asparate (and simulataneously, glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate) ?
B6 -pyridoxine
What is nitroblue tetrazolium testing?
A test for chronic granulomatous disease (deficient NADPH oxidase). When exposed to nitroblue tetrazolium, neutrophils should turn blue. If they fail to turn blue, this is a characteristic of the disease
People with chronic granulomatos disease are at increased risk of what?
infections caused by catalase-positive organisms
