sun aug 10 Flashcards
what is a risk factor for corticosteroid-induced psychosis?
hypoalbuminemia
which hepatitis virus integrates its DNA into the host cell genome?
hep B
how does pulmonary edema effect lung compliance?
it causes decreased lung compliance - the edema in the interstitium makes the lungs heavy and stiff
serology findings of diffuse scleroderma?
anti-scl-70
serology findings of limited cutaneous scleroderma/CREST?
anticentromere
complications of limited cutaneous scleroderma/CREST??
pulmonary hypertension
complications of diffuse scleroderma?
- pulmonary fibrosis
- scleroderma renal crisis
what structures are found in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
- deep peroneal nerve
- anterior tibial artery/veins
what structures are found in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
-superficial peroneal nerve
what structures are found in the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg?
- tibial nerve
- posterior tibial artery
- peroneal artery and veins
what is found in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg?
muslces
what disease does cryptococcus neoformans most commonly cause?
meningoencephalitis
finasteride MOA
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
etanarcept MOA
-decoy receptor for TNF-alpha - may be used in RA refractory to methotrexate
what is triamterene?
potassium sparing diuretic that blocks enac
what is amiloride?
potassium sparing diuretic that blocks enac
presentation of vit E deficiency?
- neuromuscular problems (polyneuropathy, ataxia, etc.)
- hemolytic anemia
higher levels of fructose,2,6BPG drive which reaction?
the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose1,6biphosphate (glycolysis)
higher levels of fructose,2,6BPG activate which enzyme?
PFK1
high levels of fructose,2,6BPG inhibit which process?
gluconeogenesis
sorbitol is normally metabolized into what substance?
fructose
where do the reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway (HMP shunt) occur?
both occur in the cytosol
where does the enzyme ornithine transcarbomylase act?
mitochondria
partial pressure of oxygen represents..
the oxygen dissolved in the plasma
does carbon monoxide effect the partial pressure of oxygen?
NO
PaO2 =
partial pressure of oxygen in plasma
what will be seen on autopsy of someone who had tuberculus meningitis?
- thick gelatinous exudate mostly at the basal portion of the brain
- multiple bilateral brain infarcts especially in the periventricular areas(from tuberus vasculitis)
- hydrocephalus - tuberculosis proteins may cause obstruction
what foramina connect the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle?
foramina of monro
what does the cerebral aqueduct connect?
the third and fourth ventricles
affarent nerve of cough reflex?
10
efferent nerve of cough reflex?
10
affarent nerve of gag reflex?
9
efferent nerve of gag reflex?
10
what causes chick pox?
varicella zoster virus
on EMB agar, what organisms will produce a green sheen?
those that ferment lactose
group A strep virulence factor M protein function?
resist phagocytosis
structure of M protein?
alpha helical coiled protein
what is the structure of tropomyosin and myosin?
alpha helical coiled protein
why is the homology seen between M protein of group A strep and the tropomysosin and myosin in humans important?
protective antibodies may cross react with myosin in the heart leading to rheumatic heart disease
how do macrolides affect the GI tract?
they stimulate motilin receptors of the upper GI tract
In ataxia telangiectasia, DNA is hypersensitive to..
ionizing radiation
presentation of ataxia-telangiectasia?
- ataxia (due to cerebellar atrophy) in first years of life
- recurrent sinopulmonary infections
- skin telangiectasias later in life
- increased risk of cancer
presentatino of follicular lymphoma?
-usually follows an indolent coarse with waxing and waning. Lymph node enlargement is painless and may goup and down in size.
presentation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma?
-rapidly enlarging nodal and systemic B symptoms
reid index =
mucous glands / (submucosa + lamina propria)
